Comprehensive in Silico Prediction and Proteomic Analysis of B- and T-Cell Epitopes for the Capsid Protein of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) | ||||
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology | ||||
Volume 17, Issue 1, June 2025, Page 151-161 PDF (653.01 K) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/eajbsg.2025.430201 | ||||
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Authors | ||||
Samar S.A. El-Masry1; Fatma S. Abdel Razek1; Shafik D. Ibrahim2; Khalid A. El-Dougdoug1; Atef S. Sadik1 | ||||
1Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
2Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamaa St., P.O. Box, 12619, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
Abstract | ||||
The Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) poses a significant threat to global banana cultivation, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. In this study, an immunoinformatics-driven approach was employed to design a multi-epitope chimeric vaccine targeting the BBTV capsid protein. Linear B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted using a combination of computational tools, including SVMTriP, ABCpred, BepiPred-2.0, NetMHCpan, and NetMHCIIpan. The most promising epitopes-three B-cell, two cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and three T helper lymphocyte (THL) epitopes-were selected based on their antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity. These epitopes were assembled into a single construct using AAY, GPGPG, and KK linkers, and the PADRE adjuvant was added to enhance immunogenicity. The final chimeric vaccine sequence comprised 165 amino acids, with a high antigenicity score (0.7930) and favorable safety profile. Physicochemical analysis revealed desirable features including stability (instability index: 23.05), thermostability (aliphatic index: 76.86), and hydrophilicity (GRAVY score: -0.349). Secondary structure analysis predicted a balanced composition of alpha helices, beta sheets, and random coils, with over half of the residues exposed, suggesting strong immune accessibility. The 3D structure was modeled using AlphaFold 3 and refined through GalaxyRefine. The best model exhibited excellent validation parameters (RMSD: 0.615, GDT-HA: 0.8729, Ramachandran favored regions: 99.4%, ERRAT score: 96.2963, Z-score: -2.6), confirming structural reliability. Overall, these findings suggest that the designed multi-epitope vaccine is a promising candidate for subsequent in vitro and in vivo evaluation against BBTV. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV); B-cell epitopes; Immunoinformatics; Multi-epitope vaccine; T-cell epitopes | ||||
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