Insights about the Olfactory Bulb Structural organization and dysfunction | ||||
| ARCADEs of MEDICINE | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Review Articles | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/arcmed.2025.388943.1131 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Mostafa Ahmed Daboos  ; Nevine Bahaa Soliman; Samaa Samir Kamar; Lobna Abdel Razek Elkhateb
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| Armed Forces College of Medicine, Histology Department, AFCM, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background The olfactory bulb (OB) is a critical structure for the sense of olfaction, processing olfactory information from the nose to the brain. The OB's is characterized by layered organization that facilitates olfactory processing. Key neuronal populations within the OB—including juxtaglomerular, tufted, and mitral cells—play specialized roles in odor detection, signal modulation, and transmission to the olfactory cortex. The OB possess a regenerative capacity throughout life, primarily in the granular cell layer, permitting recovery from olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction can significantly influence the quality of life and has been associated with a range of conditions such as COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging research on intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents, including stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanoparticles (NPs), highlights its potential in treating neurological conditions and improving olfactory function. Conclusion: The OB plays a pivotal role in olfaction and broader neurological function. Advances in the intranasal route of delivery, particularly involving EVs and stem cells, may revolutionize treatment strategies for olfactory and neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, understanding the OB's functional and structural complexities and its associated pathways is vital for developing effective treatments for these conditions. . | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Keywords: Central nervous system (CNS); exosomes; intranasal (IN) delivery | ||||
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