Phenotypic and genotypic identification of VRSA and MRSA Staphylococcus aureus isolation from patients in the Dhi Qar Governorate/Iraq | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.384261.2783 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
rayad M. Jasim  1; Hiyam A. Altaii2
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| 1Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. | ||||
| 2Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: The detection of MRSA and VRSA in Dhi Qar, Iraq is crucial due to their increasing prevalence and multidrug resistance. These pathogens pose significant public health risks due to their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Aims: This study sought to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, evaluate antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates, and analyze the molecular characteristics of VRSA and MRSA strains. Methods: A total of 430 clinical samples were collected from various infection sites and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Additionally, molecular methods were utilized to confirm Staphylococcus aureus isolates and detect specific resistance and virulence genes. Result: Growth was observed in 73% of specimens, with 50 S. aureus isolates identified through cultural characteristics and confirmed by sequencing. All 50 isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to Methicillin, Oxacillin, and Cefoxitin, moderate resistance to Erythromycin and Tetracycline, and lesser resistance to Vancomycin and other antibiotics. PCR analysis revealed that 80% of ten isolates possessed the mecA gene, 50% carried vanA and vanB genes, 80% had the hlg gene, and all expressed the clfA gene. Conclusion: This study clarifies the concerning increase in VRSA and MRSA in the Dhi Qar area, highlighting the urgent need for public health measures to combat antibiotic resistance and enhance patient outcomes. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus; Antimicrobial resistance; PCR; Dhi Qar Governorate | ||||
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