Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt
Saffan, M., Belal, A., Omar, M., Mosad, A. (2025). Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt. EKB Journal Management System, 65(2), -. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2025.376115.2116
M.Mohye Saffan; Abdelaziz Belal; Mohie Omar; Alaa Mosad. "Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt". EKB Journal Management System, 65, 2, 2025, -. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2025.376115.2116
Saffan, M., Belal, A., Omar, M., Mosad, A. (2025). 'Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt', EKB Journal Management System, 65(2), pp. -. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2025.376115.2116
Saffan, M., Belal, A., Omar, M., Mosad, A. Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 65(2): -. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2025.376115.2116

Adjusted Crop Coefficient for Wheat Using Energy Balance Systems in North Nile Delta of Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Volume 65, Issue 2, June 2025  XML
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejss.2025.376115.2116
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Authors
M.Mohye Saffan1; Abdelaziz Belal2; Mohie Omar3; Alaa Mosad email 4
1Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Egypt
2National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Al-Nozha Al-Gedida, Cairo, Egypt
3International Center of Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Egypt
4Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University Street, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Accurate crop coefficient (Kc) is essential for optimizing irrigation water use as well as enlargement water productivity in agriculture. This study aims to update the Kc values for wheat in the North Nile Delta, Egypt, using an energy balance (EB) system powered by Campbell Scientific instrumentations. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive wheat-growing seasons of 2022/23,2023/24 and 2024/25 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, covering an area of 4.2 hectares. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured using energy balance techniques, and Kc values were derived by comparing ETa with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from FAO Penman Monteith approach. Results showed that FAO-56 Kc values tend to underestimate Kc during the initial (ini) and late-season (end) growth stages, while slightly overestimating mid-season Kc. The obtained Kc values for wheat were: 0.43–0.68 (Kc ini), 0.75–1.02 (Kc dev), 0.94–1.11 (Kc mid), and 0.4–0.64 (Kc end), differing from FAO-56 values. The findings suggest that local calibration of Kc is necessary for precise irrigation scheduling, enhancement water management efficiency, and consequently sustainable wheat production under water-scarce conditions.
Keywords
Crop Coefficient; Energy Balance; Wheat; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation Scheduling; North Nile Delta; Water Use Efficiency
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