Impact of efflux pump (ade F and G) and integron (Class 1 and 2) genes on antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 June 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.383744.2776 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zuhair A. Alrawi1; Omar Abdulkareem Ali2; Ruqayah Q. Taha2; Mohamed Ibrahim Mashaly* 3 | ||
| 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| 3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious nosocomial multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Resistance is driven by mechanisms such as the adeF & adeG efflux pumps, which expel antibiotics, and integrons (particularly classes 1 & 2), which acquire resistance genes. Aim: current study explored the incidence of these genes in A. baumannii, and assessed their correlation with antibiotic resistance. Methods: 145 swabs had collected from several units of Ramadi Teaching Hospital, and Maternity and Gynecology Teaching Hospital, Anbar, Iraq, of which 50 A. baumannii isolates were obtained, antibiotics resistant test was achieved via disk diffusion method, while studied genes were detected via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Among the 145 swabs collected, 50 (34.5%) were confirmed as A. baumannii. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to ciprofloxacin (94%), norfloxacin (88%), ampicillin (88%), piperacillin (82%), ceftazidime (78%), levofloxacin (78%), imipenem (76%), and meropenem (74%). PCR analysis detected adeF and adeG in 88% and 62% of the isolates, respectively. Class 1 integrons were detected in 78% of the isolates, indicating their significant role in resistance dissemination. A strong correlation was observed between the presence of these genes and MDR phenotypes. These findings suggest that adeF and adeG efflux pumps and class 1 and 2 integrons are key contributors to antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii. Conclusion: According to current results, ade F & G efflux pump and class 1&2 integrons genes being a prognostic biomarker for the detection of MDR A. baumannii. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Acinetobacter baumannii; ade F; ade G; Integron Genes; Antibiotic Resistance | ||
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