Candiduria and risk factors associated with adult diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.

Maduakor, Uzoamaka Charity; Nnamdi, Chigozie Joseph; Emenuga, Veronica Ngozi; Ebede, Samuel Onuzulike; Eberechukwu, Chioma Lily; Okonkwo, Innocent Nwabueze; Okpagu, Blessing Chidinma; Achukwu, Ngozika Obianuju

doi:10.21608/mid.2025.366152.2607

	Candiduria and risk factors associated with adult diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 June 2025
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.366152.2607
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Authors
Uzoamaka Charity Maduakor ¹; Chigozie Joseph Nnamdi ¹; Veronica Ngozi Emenuga ¹; Samuel Onuzulike Ebede ²; Chioma Lily Eberechukwu ¹; Innocent Nwabueze Okonkwo ¹; Blessing Chidinma Okpagu ¹; Ngozika Obianuju Achukwu ¹
¹Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
²Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that increases an individual’s vulnerability to fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, because of its immunosuppressive properties. The study examined the prevalence, characterization, risk factors, and antifungal resistance of Candida species among adult diabetic patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital’s diabetic clinic in Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Methods: A total of 306 diabetic patients (146 males and 160 females) with a mean age of 55.5±9.48 years provided clean-catch midstream urine samples between December 2021 and August 2022. Samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures. Antifungal susceptibility profile was done using disc diffusion techniques. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data from patients. Results: Of the 306 urine samples analyzed, 32 (10.5%) yielded different species of Candida, including C. krusei 18 (56.2%), C. albicans 10 (31.2%), and the least was C. glabrata 4 (12.5%). The most potent antifungals were ketoconazole and amphotericin B at 62.5% (20/32), followed by miconazole at 56.3% (18/32), and the least was fluconazole at 25.0% (8/32). The four isolates of C. glabrata were resistant to all the antifungal drugs used in the study. The analysis showed a strong association between Candiduria and gender, type of diabetes, and fasting blood sugar. Conclusion: The prevalence of Candida species was 10.5%. C. krusei was the most predominant species in our study. Gender, type of diabetes, and FBS were significant risk factors. Early detection, species identification, and susceptibility profiles are necessary for better management of diabetic patients.
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus; Candida species; CHROMagar Candida; Antifungal susceptibility


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