Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Al-Hamdan, S., Alharbi, A., Alfaifi, T., Al Durgham, S., Alahmary, S., Alanazi, B., Alqarawi, H., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M., Thallami, A. (2025). Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. EKB Journal Management System, 68(12), 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
Saud Abdullah Al-Hamdan; Amirah Senaitan Alharbi; Turki Yahya Alfaifi; Saba Mohammed Al Durgham; Sarah Mohammed Ali Alahmary; Basma Ayed Alanazi; Hanan Nasser Alqarawi; Saleh I Alsuhaibani; Hailah Musaad Alharbi; Bandr Aldwsari; Majed A. Bin Hassan; Asmahan Shoei Ahmed Thallami. "Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications". EKB Journal Management System, 68, 12, 2025, 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
Al-Hamdan, S., Alharbi, A., Alfaifi, T., Al Durgham, S., Alahmary, S., Alanazi, B., Alqarawi, H., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M., Thallami, A. (2025). 'Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications', EKB Journal Management System, 68(12), pp. 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
Al-Hamdan, S., Alharbi, A., Alfaifi, T., Al Durgham, S., Alahmary, S., Alanazi, B., Alqarawi, H., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M., Thallami, A. Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 68(12): 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363

Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Article 3, Volume 68, Issue 12, December 2025, Page 21-27  XML
Document Type: Review Articles
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
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Authors
Saud Abdullah Al-Hamdan email 1; Amirah Senaitan Alharbi1; Turki Yahya Alfaifi1; Saba Mohammed Al Durgham1; Sarah Mohammed Ali Alahmary1; Basma Ayed Alanazi1; Hanan Nasser Alqarawi1; Saleh I Alsuhaibani1; Hailah Musaad Alharbi1; Bandr Aldwsari1; Majed A. Bin Hassan2; Asmahan Shoei Ahmed Thallami3
1Health care quality, Health insurance, Saudi Arabia
2Diriyah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
3Jazan Health Complex, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Aging is a complex, universal biological process involving gradual degradation of function across all organ systems, driven by the growing molecular and cellular damage from a variety of stressors. This review connects recent advances in the molecular, cellular, and systemic aspects of aging and their central role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), heart failure (HF), atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The principal molecular signatures of aging—genomic instability, telomere loss, epigenetic reprogramming, loss of proteostasis, autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered nutrient sensing—are covered in some detail. Cell processes, such as senescence and stem cell depletion, and systemic processes, such as hyperactive intercellular communication, are considered as well. Mechanistic crosstalk and disease inception are described, with new approaches, such as senolytics, gene therapy, and lifestyle intervention, with which to target aging and with it its accompanying pathologies. By integrating advances from high-throughput omics approaches and promising latest advances in therapeutics, this manuscript represents the primary unifying framework for advancing understanding of aging and improving the translation of longevity-promoting interventions.
Keywords
cellular senescence; aging; genomic instability; age-related diseases; therapeutic intervention
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