Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil
Atta, N., Ahmed, A., Mohamed, E. (2025). Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil. EKB Journal Management System, 8(1), 28-39. doi: 10.21608/ftrj.2025.432769
Nahed, M.M. Atta; Azza, A.A. Ahmed; Enaam, SH.A. Mohamed. "Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil". EKB Journal Management System, 8, 1, 2025, 28-39. doi: 10.21608/ftrj.2025.432769
Atta, N., Ahmed, A., Mohamed, E. (2025). 'Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil', EKB Journal Management System, 8(1), pp. 28-39. doi: 10.21608/ftrj.2025.432769
Atta, N., Ahmed, A., Mohamed, E. Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 8(1): 28-39. doi: 10.21608/ftrj.2025.432769

Physico-Chemical Studies on The Seeds of Some Wild Plants (Jojoba, Milk Thistle and Chia Seeds) as a Rich and New Source of Oil

Food Technology Research Journal
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 8, June 2025, Pages 28-39    PDF (647.16 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ftrj.2025.432769
Authors
Nahed, M.M. Atta* ; Azza, A.A. Ahmed; Enaam, SH.A. Mohamed
Fat and Oil Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the seeds of some wild plants jojoba, milk thistle, and chia as rich and important sources of oil. The chemical composition of the seeds and the amino acid composition of their meals were determined. Oil was extracted, and its physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile, COX (calculated oxidative stability), AI (atherogenicity index), and PI (peroxidability index) were assessed as indicators of stability. In addition, the unsaponifiable matter fraction and bioactive components were analyzed. The results showed that jojoba seeds had the highest oil content (50.68%), followed by chia seeds (33.13%) and milk thistle seeds (21.35%). The meal of jojoba seeds also recorded the highest total amino acid content (21.32%), followed by chia (18.51%) and milk thistle (15.26%). Gas-liquid chromatography of jojoba oil revealed high contents of C20:1 alcohol (20.68%), followed by C22:1 alcohol (4.96%) and C24:1 alcohol (1.27%). The results also showed that jojoba oil is a rich source of omega-9 fatty acid (C20:1, 54.01%), chia oil is an excellent source of omega-3 (linolenic acid, 64.52%), and milk thistle oil is rich in omega-6 (linoleic acid, 55.59%). β-sitosterol was the predominant sterol in chia and milk thistle oils (79.64% and 66.05%, respectively), while ficosem1-old,cis (52.09%) and 13-docosenoic alcohol (Z) (47.89%) were major sterols in jojoba oil.
 
Keywords
Jojoba oil; milk thistle oil; chia oil; physico-chemical properties sterol compounds; fatty acids and amino acids composition
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