In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius
Abdel-Aziem, S., Mabrouk, D., Abd El-Kader, H., Alam, S., Othman, O. (2025). In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius. EKB Journal Management System, (), 1-13. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.380631.2816
Sekena H Abdel-Aziem; Dalia M Mabrouk; Heba M.A Abd El-Kader; Sally S Alam; Othman E. Othman. "In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius". EKB Journal Management System, , , 2025, 1-13. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.380631.2816
Abdel-Aziem, S., Mabrouk, D., Abd El-Kader, H., Alam, S., Othman, O. (2025). 'In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius', EKB Journal Management System, (), pp. 1-13. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.380631.2816
Abdel-Aziem, S., Mabrouk, D., Abd El-Kader, H., Alam, S., Othman, O. In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; (): 1-13. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.380631.2816

In Vivo Genetic Profiling and In Silico Functional Insights into Mitochondrial COX-3 Gene Diversity of Egyptian Camelus dromedarius

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 15 June 2025  XML PDF (1012.47 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.380631.2816
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Authors
Sekena H Abdel-Aziem email orcid ; Dalia M Mabrouk; Heba M.A Abd El-Kader; Sally S Alam; Othman E. Othman
Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. Postal code 12622
Abstract
Studying the genetic diversity of Egyptian camel populations is critical for evaluating their adaptability to extreme desert environments and guiding conservation strategies. This study analyzed genetic variation in three *Camelus dromedarius* populations—Baladi, Sudani, and Maghrebi—using the mitochondrial COX-3 gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from 90 blood samples (35 Baladi, 30 Sudani, 25 Maghrebi), and a 524-bp COX-3 segment was amplified and sequenced. Two haplotypes were identified, characterized by synonymous SNPs at positions 280 (C>T) and 325 (A>G), preserving Histidine (position 94) and Leucine (position 110). These haplotypes (GenBank accessions: OP994029, OP994030) showed high similarity to *Camelus dromedarius* but moderate divergence from *Camelus bactrianus*. Functional conservation of amino acid sequences (accessions: WHO17330.1, WHO17331.1) was confirmed. Environmental correlations revealed Haplotype 1 predominated in Baladi and Sudani populations from hotter, arid inland regions, while Haplotype 2 was frequent in Maghrebi camels inhabiting milder coastal zones. The observed COX-3 variation suggests mitochondrial gene adaptations to environmental stressors, underscoring their role in climate resilience. These findings emphasize the need to conserve camel genetic diversity to enhance sustainability amid changing climatic conditions.   
Keywords
Camelus dromedarius; COX-3 gene; environmental adaptation; genetic variation; SNPs
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