Extracellular enzymes activity of Candida albicans, a review | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 June 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.338604.2361 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Majid Zarrin1; Narges Bastami   2
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| 1Department of Medical Mycology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran | ||||
| 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Extracellular enzymes secreted by Candida albicans play a key role in the pathogenicity of this fungus, providing its ability to invade host tissues and initiate infections. The present review synthesizes existing science on the kind and activities of these enzymes, including proteinase, phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase, and their indications for virulence. Research shows that C. albicans display higher enzymatic activity than non-albicans species, especially in immunocompromised patients. Studies have demonstrated that a high percentage of C. albicans isolates secrete robust proteinase and phospholipase production, which is connected with increasing virulence and antifungal resistance. The C. albicans extracellular hydrolytic enzymes are pivotal virulence factors that promote the invasion and pathogenesis of this yeast. The adhesion of C. albicans to the host cell and the production of biofilm are critical stages in the pathogenicity of C. albicans, and enzymes, such as phospholipases and proteases, show a remarkable role in these processes. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Candida albicans; extracellular enzymes proteinase; phospholipase; hemolysin | ||||
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