معركة كريسي Crecy أهميتها وأثرها على إنجلترا وفرنسا عام 1346م The Battle of Crecy, its importance and impact on England and France in 1346

الديب, مرفت محمد عبد الفتاح يوسف

doi:10.21608/jfla.2025.377284.1580

	معركة كريسي Crecy أهميتها وأثرها على إنجلترا وفرنسا عام 1346م The Battle of Crecy, its importance and impact on England and France in 1346
مجــلة کلية اللغة العربية بأســيوط
Volume 44, Issue 3, May 2025, Pages 1989-2087 PDF (1.25 M)
Document Type: المقالة الأصلية
DOI: 10.21608/jfla.2025.377284.1580
Author
مرفت محمد عبد الفتاح يوسف الديب^*
قسم التاريخ، کلية الدراسات الانسانية- تفهنا الأشراف-جامعة الازهر
Abstract
كما تميزت عن غيرها بكونها ضمت خمس ملوك لأهم مملكتين في أوروبا في منتصف القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي، مع ما كان لها من أثر عميق على مجريات حرب المائة عام لما أظهره الإنجليز- بقيادة إدوارد- من تفوق ومهارة في استخدام أساليب الحرب المختلفة وتنوع طرق المعارك، واستخدام الجديد من الأسلحة كسلاح البارود ضد البشر، وتحويل الحرب إلى مهنة عن طريق العقود بعد انتهاء عصر الإقطاع. تهدف الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على إحدى المعارك البرية الكبرى وآخرها في المرحلة الأولى من حرب المائة عام، وذلك من خلال الوقوف مع أحداثها المتعددة والمختلفة بالعرض والتحليل. معركة كريسي تلك الحرب التي دارات رحاها بين إدوارد الثالث ملك إنجلترا وفيليب السادس ملك فرنسا، لكونها حربًا تميزت عن غيرها من معارك تلك الحقبة بالإعداد الدقيق، والذي ظهر من خلال التخطيط الجيد من إدوارد بعد أن أحْكم أمره لخوضها في المكان والزمان المناسبين له ولجنوده، مما مكن من تعزيز موقفه في الحرب؛ وبالتالي فهو لم يجبر على قبولها كما حدث مع فيليب، والتي كانت المعركة بالنسبة له مغامرة أسفرت عن هزيمة كبيرة للجيش الفرنسي، الذي كان يُعد أفضل قوة قتالية في العالم المسيحي في تلك الحقبة؛ ولذا وضعت فرنسا في موقف ضعيف على مدار سنوات ما بعد الحرب. The study aims to shed light on one of the major land battles, the last of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War, by examining its various and varied events, presenting and analyzing them. This is the Battle of Crécy, the war that took place between Edward III, King of England, and Philip VI, King of France. It was a war that distinguished itself from other battles of that era by its meticulous preparation, evident through Edward's good planning after he mastered the matter of fighting it at the appropriate place and time for him and his soldiers, which enabled him to strengthen his position in the war. Therefore, he was not forced to accept it, as happened with Philip. For him, the battle was an adventure that resulted in a major defeat for the French army, which was considered the best fighting force in the Christian world at that time. Therefore, it placed France in a weak position throughout the years following the war.It was also distinguished from others by the fact that it included five kings of the two most important kingdoms in Europe in the middle of the fourteenth century AD, with its profound impact on the course of the Hundred Years' War, as the English - led by Edward - demonstrated superiority and skill in using different methods of warfare and diverse battle methods, using new weapons such as gunpowder against humans, and transforming war into a profession through contracts after the end of the feudal era.
Keywords
معركة كريسي، العلاقات; الفرنسية والإنجليزية، حرب المائة عام، السياسة الخارجية; إدوارد الثالث; ، The Battle of Crécy; the relationships between the French and the English; the Hundred Years' War; foreign policy; Edward III

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