تعرض الشباب الجامعي للخطاب الشيعي في قنوات اليوتيوب وعلاقته بتشكيل اتجاهاتهم نحوه-دراسة ميدانية

• Anderson, J. W. (2018). Digital media and the politics of transformation in the Arab world. Oxford University Press.
• Palfrey, J., & Gasser, U. (2016). Born digital: How children grow up in a digital age. Basic Book
• Eickelman, D. F., & Anderson, J. W. (2003). New media in the Muslim world: The emerging public sphere. Indiana University Press.
• Tarek Mohamed Ibrahim. Religious Thought Issues Reflected in Shiite Satellite Channels and Their Relation to Egyptian Audience Attitudes: An Applied Study. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Media, Department of Radio and Television, 2024.
• Mohammed Ahmed Hassan Rababah & Doha Mohammed Issa Al-Hazaimeh. Sharia Violations in the Children's Satellite Channel "Taha": An Analytical Study. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia Sciences and Islamic Studies, Issue 88, Saudi Arabia, Umm Al-Qura University, 2022, pp. 171–189.
• Khurqiyah Joudiah Samia Jalal. Manifestations of Sectarianism in Shiite Satellite Channels: The Case of "Fadak" Channel. Al-Mi'yar Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume 25, Issue 59, Algeria, Emir Abdelkader University of Islamic Sciences, Faculty of Fundamentals of Religion, 2021, pp. 268–284.
• Hussein Ishaq Dawood Youssef. The Danger of Shiite Satellite Channels on the Islamic Nation. Journal of Islamic Studies, Africa International University, Faculty of Islamic Studies, 2019, pp. 274–316.
• Yasser Ali Mohamed. Egyptian Children's Exposure to Shiite Satellite Channels and Its Relationship to Their Religious Concepts. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ain Shams University,Institute of Higher Studies for Childhood, Department of Media and Children's Culture, 2017.
• Haitham Zafaan. Shiite Satellite Media: Between Penetration and Sunni Confrontation. Laban Journal, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 2016, pp. 517–542.
• Nihal Omar Al-Farouk. Propaganda Techniques in Shiite Discourse on Satellite Channels: An Applied Study. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Cairo University, Faculty of Media, Department of Radio and Television, 2016.
• Mohamed Ahmed Hashem. Saudi University Youth's Use of YouTube and Its Impact on Their Relationship with Television. Published Research, Arab Journal of Media and Communication Research, Issue 24, Canadian Ahram University, Faculty of Media, 2019, pp. 120–153.
• Mahmoud Mohamed Alawneh. University Youth’s Information-Seeking on Religious Matters from YouTube Channels. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Media, Jordan, 2018.
• Marwa Abdul Latif. The Use of YouTube by Adolescents, Including Those with Special Needs, in Following Terrorist Events and Its Relationship to Their Social Security Level. First Annual Scientific Conference: Arab Media and Countering Terrorism - Professional Standards and Ethical Practices. International Higher Institute of Media, Shorouk Academy, March 1–2, 2016.
• Antony Mary & Thomas Ryan J. "This Is Citizen Journalism at Its Finest: YouTube and the Public Sphere in the Oscar Grant Shooting Incident." Media & Society, 2010, pp. 1–17. Available online at: http://amssagepub.com/content/early/2015/12/12.
• Dhouqan Obaidat, Abdul Rahman Adas, & Mohamed Abdul Haq. Scientific Research: Its Concepts, Tools, and Methods, 6th Edition. Dar Al-Fikr, Amman, Jordan, 2010.
• Samia Mohamed Gaber et al. Social Scientific Research: Its Language, Approaches, Methods, and Techniques. Cairo: University Knowledge House, 1998, p. 15.
• Mohamed Abdul Hameed. Audience Studies in Media Research, 2nd Edition. Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub, 1997, p. 93.
• Magdy Mohamed Ali. The Victory of Truth: A Scientific Debate with Some Shiite Imamis. Dar Tayba, 1st Edition, 1997, p. 18.
• Nada Ahmed Abdullah. Social Behavior and Its Dynamics: An Interpretative Attempt. Alexandria: University Knowledge House, 2003, p. 120.

(20) Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014). Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation.

(21) Brookes, R., & Ng, S. (2016). Social media engagement: A model of antecedents and outcome.

(22) Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011)

Customer Engagement: Conceptual Domain, Fundamental Propositions, and Implications for Research" Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–27 .

(23) Ahmed Ahmed Zaree, "The Reliance of Egyptian Youth on Electronic News Websites as a Source of Information and Its Relationship with Political Affiliation," Published research, The First Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Media titled "Media Professionalism and Democratic Transition," Part 2, (Al-Azhar University: Faculty of Media, 2012), p. 1229.

(24) Walaa Abdel Rahman Fouda, "The Reliance of Arab Academic Elites on New Media in Achieving Interaction with International Media," Published research, The Scientific Journal of Radio and Television Research, (Cairo University: Faculty of Media, 2017), p. 145.

(25) Magda Abdel Mardy, "The Reliance of Egyptian Women on Different Media During the Current Political Transformation Stage and Its Relationship with Mobilization for Participation in the 2014 Egyptian Constitution Referendum," Published research, The Egyptian Journal of Media Research, Issue 47, (Cairo University: Faculty of Media, June 2014), p. 227.

(26) Hosni Nasr, "Media Theories," (UAE: University Book House, 2015), p. 295.

(27) Stanly J Baran &Dennis K.Davis Mass Communication Theory (U.S.A McGraw  2011) p.324

(28) Ali Al-Salous, "With the Twelver Shia in Fundamentals and Branches," Al-Taqwa Publishing, First Edition (1417 AH - 1997 CE), p. 15.

(29) Mohamed Yasser Al-Khawaja, "Renewing Religious Discourse Between Philosophical and Social Thought," Proceedings of the International Conference of the Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, First Edition, (Cairo: Misr Al-Arabia for Publishing and Distribution, 2011), p. 146.

(30) Hassan Hanafi, "Analysis of Religious Discourse," Al-Sirat Journal – University of Algiers, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Vol. (7), Issue (13), 2006, pp. 27–47.

(31) Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, "Our Islamic Discourse in the Era of Globalization," First Edition, (Cairo: Dar Al-Shorouk, 1424 AH), pp. 16–17.

(32) Saeed Murad, "Contemporary Islamic Discourse and Its Fundamentals," in the book "Islam and the Development of Religious Discourse," Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Suez Canal University, titled "Contemporary Islamic Discourse," First Edition, (Cairo: Dar Al-Bayan, 2002), p. 38.

(33)Nasser bin Abdullah bin Ali Al-Qafari, "The Fundamentals of the Twelver Shia Imamiyya Doctrine: Presentation and Critique," Dar Al-Ridha for Publishing and Distribution, (Giza: Egypt, Third Edition, 1418 AH - 1998 CE), p. 14.

(34) Nasser bin Abdullah Al-Qafari, "The Issue of Rapprochement Between Sunnis and Shias," (Saudi Arabia: Dar Tiba, Second Edition, 1413 AH), p. 22.

(35) Mohamed Salem Al-Khidr, "Then I Saw the Truth," Dar Al-Iman for Printing and Publishing, First Edition (1424 AH - 2003 CE), p. 56.

(36) Nasser bin Abdul Karim Al-Aql, "Studies on Desires, Sects, and Heresies and the Stance of the Salaf Toward Them," (Riyadh: Dar Ashbilia, First Edition 1418 AH - 1997 CE), p. 47.

(37) Naif Ma'ruf, "Shias in the Umayyad Era," (Beirut: Dar Al-Taliaa, Fourth Edition, 1420 AH - 1999 CE), p. 98.

(38)  Nasser Ali Aaidh, "The Doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jamaah Regarding the Honorable Companions," (Riyadh: Al-Rushd Library, First Edition, 1413 AH - 1993 CE), p. 36.

(39)  Mohamed Amzoun, "Verification of the Companions' Positions During the Discord Based on Al-Tabari's Narrations and the Hadith Scholars," (Riyadh: Dar Taybah Library Al-Kawthar, First Edition, 1415 AH - 1994 CE), p. 57.

(40) Suleiman bin Hamad Al-Oudah, "Abdullah bin Saba and His Role in Instigating Discord in Early Islam," (Riyadh: Dar Taybah, Third Edition, 1412 AH), p. 59.

(41)  Abu Al-Hasan Al-Nadwi, "Al-Murtada: The Biography of Amir Al-Mu'mineen Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Abi Talib," (Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam, Second Edition, 1419 AH - 1998 CE), p. 64.

(42)  "Imamate and Refutation of the Rafidah" by Al-Hafidh Abu Nu'aym Al-Asbahani, Edited and Commented by Dr. Ali bin Mohamed bin Nasser Al-Faqihi, Published by Maktabat Al-Uloom wal-Hikam, First Edition (1407 AH).

(43) Abdullah bin Omar bin Suleiman Al-Dumaiji, "The Great Imamate According to Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jamaah," (Saudi Arabia: Dar Taybah, Second Edition, 1409 AH), p. 40.

(44)  Ali Al-Salabi, "The Thought of the Kharijites and the Shia," (Cairo: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, First Edition), p. 329.

(45) Aaron Smith & Monica Anderson, "Social Media Use in 2018", pew research center,1/3/2018, available at

https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/03/01/social-media-usein

(46) Doaa Ahmed Al-Banna, (2021), "Levels of Egyptian Youth Adoption of Digital Media Platforms for Sharing Entertainment Content and Its Impacts," The Egyptian Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20/2.

(47) Caroline Caron, Rebecca Raby, Claudia Mitchell, Sophie Théwissen-LeBlanc & Jessica Prioletta, "From Concept To Data: Sleuthing Social Change -Oriented Youth Voices On YouTube", Journal Of Youth Studies, Vol 20, Issue 1, (2017).

 (48) Bessie Lee Lawton & Maria Kopacz, Talking About the YouTube Indians: Images of Native Americans and Viewer Comments on a Viral Video Site, Howard Journal of Communications, Vol. 24, Issue 1, 2020.

(49) Abdulbaset Abdulwahab Al-Hattami et al., "Uses of YouTube by Gulf and Yemeni University Students and the Gratifications Achieved – A Survey Study," Journal of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, No. 2, (University of Sana’a, Faculty of Media, Yemen, 2021), pp. 98–7.

(50) Cam Balcikanli, "Long Life, YouTube: L2 stories About You Tube In Language Learning" , E-Proceeding of the International Online ا Language Conference (IOLC) (U.S.A, Boca Raton, UNIVERSAL Publishers,2017).

 (51) Norlidah Alias, Norazah Mohd Nordin" New Media Use Among Youth in Malaysia: A Media Dependency Theory Perspective" (2020) PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology.

(52) Riham Ali Nuwair, (2020), "The Use of Egyptian Youth for Satirical Videos on YouTube and Its Relationship with Their Attitudes Toward Terrorist Organizations – An Applied Study on Youth at Cairo University," Journal of Media Research, Faculty of Media, Al-Azhar University, Issue 54, pp. 3464–3540.