فشل الدولة في الصومال والدور الإثيوبي في تفككها "دراسة في الجغرافيا السياسية" | ||||
مجلة کلية الآداب .جامعة بورسعيد | ||||
Article 1, Volume 33, Issue 33, July 2025, Page 1-116 PDF (3.67 MB) | ||||
Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/jfpsu.2025.389969.1443 | ||||
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Author | ||||
شيماء أحمد عبدالله رضوان ![]() | ||||
قسم الجغرافيا ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية ،كلية الآداب ،جامعة جنوب الوادي | ||||
Abstract | ||||
كان الصومال التاريخي مسرحًا للتنافس الاستعماري خلال القرن الـ 19 الميلادي ، وقد تعرض لأسوأ عملية تقسيم جائر مزقت أراضيه على خمسة أقسام، وبعد الاستقلال توحد الصومال الشمالي و الجنوبي في دولة الصومال الموحدة ، وذلك في عام 1960م ، ولكن هذا الاتحاد لم يدم طويلًا لأسباب متعددة ، تمثلت في: نمط الإدارة الاستعمارية ، و فشل النظام السياسي للصومال الموحد في إدارته ، وفي ترتيب تقاسم السلطة بين الشمال والجنوب ؛ خاصة مع وجود انقسامات عشائرية ، واختلافات بين قبائل الشمال والجنوب في النظم الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية ، إلى جانب دور إثيوبيا في تمزيق الصومال ، وذلك من خلال مشاركتها للدول الاستعمارية في عمليات التقسيم ؛ فقد أعطت بريطانيا لها منطقة أوجادين بمقتضى معاهدة 1897م ، وفي الوقت الحالي تتبنى إثيوبيا استراتيجية خاصة تجاه الصومال ، تقوم على عدة أهداف منها: القضاء على فكرة الصومال الكبير ، وإضعاف منافسة الصومال لها إقليميًا ، ومنع قيام حكم إسلامي في الصومال ، والوصول للبحر عن طريق سواحل الصومال لحل معضلتها الجغرافية كونها دولة حبيسة ، ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الأهداف قامت إثيوبيا بالتدخل سياسيًا وعسكريًا في الصومال . Historical Somalia was an arena for colonial competition during the 19th century AD It was subjected to the worst unjust division process, tearing its lands into five parts. After independence, northern Somalia and southern Somalia united into the unified state of Somalia in 1960. However, this union did not last long for several reasons, represented by the colonial administration style, the failure of the political system of the unified Somalia in its administration, and in arranging the sharing of power between the north and the south, especially with the presence of clan divisions and differences between the tribes of the north and the south in the social, political and economic systems, in addition to the Ethiopian role in tearing Somalia apart, through its participation with the colonial countries in the division operations: Britain gave it the Ojanin region under the 1897 treaty. At the present time, Ethiopia is adopting a special strategy towards Somalia based on several goals, including: eliminating the idea of Greater Somalia, weakening Somalia’s regional competition, preventing the establishment of Islamic rule in Somalia, and access to the sea through the Somali coast to solve its geographical dilemma as a landlocked country. In order to achieve these goals, Ethiopia intervened politically and militarily in Somalia. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
الصومال الكبير; القرن الأفريقي; المدخل الجنوبي للبحر الأحمر; مشكلات الحدود; الأقاليم الانفصالية; أرض الصومال; Greater Somalia; the Horn of Africa; the southern entrance to the Red Sea; border problems; secessionist regions; Somaliland | ||||
References | ||||
¨المصادر:
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