In Vivo Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Indigofera cordifolia B. Heyne ex. Roth in Mice Compared to Diclofenac, Tramadol, and Indomethacin | ||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 June 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.380554.2538 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Kailas Krishnat Mali* 1; Nitin Hindurao Salunkhe1; Balaji Dattatray Jadhav2; Remeth Jacky Dias3; Niranjan Shishir Mahajan4 | ||
| 1Adarsh College of Pharmacy, Vita | ||
| 2Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bapuji Salunkhe Institute of Pharmacy, Miraj Maharashtra 416410 India | ||
| 3Government College of Pharmacy, Karad | ||
| 4Adarsh College of Pharmacy, Vita, A/p - 421/2, Near MIDC, Khambale (Bha.), Vita, Tal- Khanapur 415311 Dist- Sangli, Maharashtra, India | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the analgesic potential of Indigofera cordifolia ethanolic extract through phytochemical characterization and pharmacological validation. The ethanolic extract was prepared by continuous hot extraction and subjected to qualitative/quantitative phytochemical analysis. Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH assay, and bioactive compounds were characterized by GC-MS. Acute oral toxicity was performed per OECD guidelines (2000 mg/kg). The hot plate model, tail immersion test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and formalin test were conducted to evaluate analgesic efficacy in Swiss albino mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6) for four models over a four-day study period. Phytochemical characterization revealed quantifiable bioactive constituents, including alkaloids (0.08 g% as atropine sulfate equivalent), flavonoids (0.71 g% as quercetin equivalent), tannins (0.37 g% as tannic acid equivalent), and phenolics (0.21 g% as gallic acid equivalent). The extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 179.6 µg/mL) in DPPH assays, while GC-MS profiling identified eight bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Acute toxicity studies established safety at 2000 mg/kg. In analgesic models, the extract produced dose-dependent pain inhibition through both peripheral and central mechanisms, with efficacy comparable to reference drugs (diclofenac, tramadol, indomethacin), suggesting its therapeutic potential. Overall findings of the study confirmed the analgesic activity to Indigofera cordifolia in mice and highlight its bioactive constituents as promising candidates for further phytochemical investigation. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Analgesic activity; diclofenac; Indigofera cordifolia; indomethacin; tramadol | ||
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