Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL-6, and IL-10 as Biomarkers of Inflammation, Cardiovascular Risk, and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology | ||||
| Article 25, Volume 35, Issue 1, January 2026 | ||||
| Document Type: New and original researches in the field of Microbiology. | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.391728.1695 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Sana A. Kamil  ; Muntadher M. Ali
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| Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Kidney diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent and are a serious public health threat. Objectives: To evaluate the levels of cystatin C, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 in Iraqi patients with kidney disease and compare them with healthy individuals of the same age and gender. Methodology: This study included 120 chronic kidney disease patients, stage 5, and 60 healthy volunteers. They were tested for urea, creatinine, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, and bilirubin by enzymatic methods. Haematological parameters were tested by hemocytometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and Cystatin C. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated indirectly for all participants. The results were statistically processed in SPSS. Results: the study showed an insignificant (p>0.407) difference in the mean age among patient groups (44.51±12.33 years), compared to the control group (41.13±10.22 years). Regarding the body weight, which was not significant (p->0.32) between patients (24.54±3.44) and the control group (25.11±3.21). No significant difference in serum bilirubin (P>0.067) between both groups. There was a significant increase in the urea, creatinine, and glucose in chronic kidney disease patients compared to the normal control individuals (P < 0.001). The results showed a decrease in the mean ± SD of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, platelets, albumin levels, and glomerular filtration rate in kidney patients compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in the mean levels of Interleukin-6 (P < 0.008), interleukin-10 (P < 0.001), and Cystatin C (P < 0.001) in the patient group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Cystatin C level may produce more accurate risk estimations. Interleukin-6 contributes significantly to the progression of the disease and poor health outcomes. Based on the inflammatory response, Interleukin-10 functions as an anti-inflammatory factor. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| acute kidney injury (AKI); chronic kidney disease (CKD); cardiovascular disease (CVD); Cystatin C (CysC); Interleukin-10 | ||||
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