Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation
Abdullahi, M., Nasir, I., Musa, A., Alhaji, A., Biambo, A., Salihu, M., Yusuf, A. (2025). Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation. EKB Journal Management System, 34(1), 31-47. doi: 10.21608/zjps.2025.358220.1087
Musa Ismail Abdullahi; Ibrahim Nasir; Aliyu Muhammad Musa; Abubakar Muhammad Alhaji; Aminu Ahmed Biambo; Mustapha Salihu; Amina Jega Yusuf. "Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation". EKB Journal Management System, 34, 1, 2025, 31-47. doi: 10.21608/zjps.2025.358220.1087
Abdullahi, M., Nasir, I., Musa, A., Alhaji, A., Biambo, A., Salihu, M., Yusuf, A. (2025). 'Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation', EKB Journal Management System, 34(1), pp. 31-47. doi: 10.21608/zjps.2025.358220.1087
Abdullahi, M., Nasir, I., Musa, A., Alhaji, A., Biambo, A., Salihu, M., Yusuf, A. Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 34(1): 31-47. doi: 10.21608/zjps.2025.358220.1087

Preclinical Studies of a Multi-Component Herbal Therapy (Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC. and Entada africana Guill. & Perr.) for the Management of Snake Envenomation

Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 34, Issue 1, July 2025, Page 31-47  XML PDF (1.03 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/zjps.2025.358220.1087
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Authors
Musa Ismail Abdullahiorcid 1; Ibrahim Nasirorcid 1; Aliyu Muhammad Musaorcid 2; Abubakar Muhammad Alhajiorcid 1; Aminu Ahmed Biamboorcid 3; Mustapha Salihuorcid 1; Amina Jega Yusuf email orcid 4
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
2Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 810106, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
4Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract
In Northwestern Nigeria, Rogeria adenophylla, Bombax costatum, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Entada africana are traditionally used to treat snakebite envenomation. This study evaluated their antivenom properties against Naja pallida and Echis ocellatus venoms. Toxicity was assessed using Lorke’s method, while venom lethality followed Theakston and Reid’s protocol. Antivenom efficacy was tested in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In vivo, individual extracts provided protection ranging from 20-60% protection against E. ocellatus venom, while the combination (COMBO) achieved 40%; no protection was observed against N. pallida venom. Ex vivo, both individual extracts and COMBO showed potent activity, achieving 100% survival against both venoms. In vitro, the extracts and COMBO inhibited haemolysis, fibrinolysis, and phospholipase A₂ activity in a dose-dependent manner. Toxicity studies revealed LD₅₀ values of 2154.07 mg/kg for B. costatum and D. mespiliformis, and 1131.37 and 1264.91 mg/kg for R. adenophylla and E. africana, indicating moderate toxicity. The venoms’ LD₉₉ values were 0.58 mg/kg (N. pallida) and 9.77 mg/kg (E. ocellatus). These findings highlight the antivenom potential of these plants and their COMBO, supporting further exploration for developing a safe, effective multi-component herbal therapy for snakebite envenomation.
Keywords
Antisnake venom; Medicinal plants; Naja pallida; Echis oceallatus
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