Hydrocarbon pollution: Sources, impacts, and bioremediation strategies | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Review Articles | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.382044.11716 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Eman A. Abdelhamid  1; Sahar Y. Ibrahim 1; Ali M. El-Hagrassi 2; Noha M. Kamal 1
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| 1Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Postal code 11757 | ||||
| 2Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Pollution, in its various forms, presents a serious threat to the ecosystem, economy, and human health, demanding urgent and comprehensive action to mitigate its detrimental effects. Hydrocarbon contamination poses a substantial threat to the environment, especially in regions with substantial oil production and transportation activities, harming ecosystems and public health. This review addresses the critical issue of environmental pollution, focusing specifically on the pervasive problem of hydrocarbon contamination, particularly in Egypt’s soil, given its significant ecological and health impacts. To this end, it outlines the broader context of environmental pollution types and then concentrates on the sources and hazardous effects of major hydrocarbon pollutants, including crude oil, spent engine oil, and pesticides. To understand remediation strategies, the review compares physicochemical and biological methods for hydrocarbon removal, subsequently detailing and categorizing various in situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques. The discussion highlights the advantages of bioremediation, the roles of key microorganisms like actinobacteria, and the metabolic pathways involved in hydrocarbon breakdown, including the importance of microbial collaborations and biosurfactants. Ultimately, this review synthesizes current knowledge on hydrocarbon bioremediation, underscoring the potential of integrating systems biology for enhanced metabolic engineering and identifies future prospects and challenges in advancing this field for more effective waste management and ecological restoration. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Environment; crude oil; engine oil; pesticides; actinobacteria | ||||
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