Effect of seasonal variation on feed intake, body temperature, respiration rate, and level of milk yield in Holstein cows and fattening calves | ||||
| Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ajar.2025.390573.1427 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Ayman Mahmoud Ali  
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| قنا- نجع حمادي, نحع خضر . خلف محطة برج موسي | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This target is studying the effect of seasonal changes on feeding rate, body temperature, respiration rate, average daily milk yield in Holstein cows and fattening calves, This experiment was conducted at the animal production farms of the Egyptian Aluminum Company, Qena Governorate - Nag Hammadi. The results showed that winter was the optimal season for milk production and weight gain, while summer was the least efficient. All studied variables were found to be significantly affected by season (P<0.0001). These differences are a result of seasonal changes in temperature, humidity demonstrated that seasonal variation significantly productive performance of Holstein cattle under Upper Egypt’s environmental conditions. Winter and spring were found to be the most favorable seasons, associated with higher milk production, better feed intake, and lower respiration rates, indicating a thermally comfortable environment that supports efficient nutrient utilization. In contrast, summer posed major physiological stress, evidenced by increased body temperature and respiratory rate, along with decreased feed intake and milk yield, highlighting the detrimental impact of heat stress on homeostasis and productivity. The study emphasizes the importance of seasonal management strategies, particularly during summer, such as implementing cooling systems and modifying feeding practices to safeguard animal welfare and productivity. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Body temperature; Feed intake; Holstein cows | ||||
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