Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Abdel-Fattah, A., Abdel-Raheman, Z., Abou-Shamaa, L., El-Sedfy, A. (2025). Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications. EKB Journal Management System, 2(1), 44-55. doi: 10.21608/fpmpeb.2025.437804
Asmaa Abdel-Fattah; Zakia Abdel-Raheman; Lobna Abou-Shamaa; Amal El-Sedfy. "Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications". EKB Journal Management System, 2, 1, 2025, 44-55. doi: 10.21608/fpmpeb.2025.437804
Abdel-Fattah, A., Abdel-Raheman, Z., Abou-Shamaa, L., El-Sedfy, A. (2025). 'Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications', EKB Journal Management System, 2(1), pp. 44-55. doi: 10.21608/fpmpeb.2025.437804
Abdel-Fattah, A., Abdel-Raheman, Z., Abou-Shamaa, L., El-Sedfy, A. Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 2(1): 44-55. doi: 10.21608/fpmpeb.2025.437804

Differential Expression of HLA-G and NF-κB Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications

Future Perspectives of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Biotechnology
Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2025, Page 44-55  XML PDF (1.12 MB)
Document Type: Research Article (Original Research)
DOI: 10.21608/fpmpeb.2025.437804
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Authors
Asmaa Abdel-Fattah email 1; Zakia Abdel-Raheman2; Lobna Abou-Shamaa2; Amal El-Sedfy3
1City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
2Immunology & Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria
3Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria.
Abstract
Immune evasion is a key player in breast cancer (BC) progression. This study examines the expression patterns of immunomodulatory molecules HLA-G and NF-κB in breast cancer patients, comparing them with benign breast tumor patients and healthy controls.
A total of 45 females were investigated and categorized into three groups: Control (n=10), Benign breast (n=10), and Malignant breast cancer patients (n=25; stage II or higher). Routine laboratory investigations, pathological evaluations, hormone receptor status assessments, and ELISA-based quantification of serum, tissue homogenate, and PBMC lysate levels of HLA-G and NF-κB were performed.
Liver and renal function tests revealed no significant difference across groups. WBC count was elevated in the malignant group, suggesting a systemic inflammatory response. The most common histological subtype in the malignant group was invasive ductal carcinoma (84%), with most cases being Grade II and stages II or III. ER and PR positivity was detected in 72% of malignant cases. Tissue HLA-G and NF-κB levels were significantly higher in malignant versus benign tissues (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Serum sHLA-G was significantly elevated in the malignant group compared to controls (p = 0.041). NF-κB expression in PBMCs was markedly upregulated in the malignant group (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between sHLA-G levels and clinicopathological parameters, although higher levels were observed in patients with hormone receptor positivity and lobular carcinoma.
Elevated HLA-G and NF-κB levels in breast cancer patients underscore their potential as immune escape markers and prognostic indicators. Their differential expression across serum, tissue, and PBMCs confirmed tumor-host immune interactions and may aid in refining immunotherapeutic strategies.
 
Keywords
HLA-G; NF-κB; Breast Cancer
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