NOTES ON BEER AS FUNERAL OFFERINGS IN THE PYRAMID TEXTS | ||
| International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Heritage Research | ||
| Volume 8, Issue 1, July 2025, Pages 44-55 PDF (1.9 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijmshr.2025.398863.1042 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Koloud Radwan Farouk* 1; Raouf Elwardany2 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate in the Department of Egyptology - Faculty of Archaeology - South Valley University - Qena- Egypt. | ||
| 2Associate Professor - Department of Egyptology- Faculty of Archaeology - South Valley University – Qena- Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The research aims to discuss beer as funeral offerings in the Pyramid Texts from the perspective of some notes in light of the analysis of the underlying significance. In general, beer was considered one of the main pillars of ritual offerings to the deceased in ancient Egypt. Its widespread use is often reflected in archaeological discoveries that appear in the discoveries of entire groups of beer pots and in piles of debris around the tombs of senior officials and Kings in the Old Kingdom. An offering table from the presence of beer in it, and of course in the texts of the Pyramids, in which the importance of beer emerged as divine and funerary offerings in terms of the purpose of its use and consumption and the purpose of offering it. The connection with offerings is clear in presenting them as a divine offering to the gods as a kind of showing obedience and seeking protection and help from them, as well as a funeral offering for the deceased. It is noteworthy that beer is mentioned in the pyramid texts of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of the Old Kingdom about 43 times. This research paper aims to demonstrate the importance and significance of beer in the texts of the pyramids of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of the Old Kingdom. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Beer; Funeral Offerings; Religious Rites; Pyramid Texts; Ancient Egypt | ||
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