Molecular and phenotypic characterization of efflux pump genes (mexA, mexB, oprM) in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Najaf, Iraq | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.393303.2882 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Ameen Abdulridha Ameen Shlash  ; Ibtihal Edrees Shubbar
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| Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen frequently implicated in nosocomial infection, It is commonly acknowledged as a model for multidrug resistance (MDR) brought on by acquired and inherent resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps. Aim: The current investigation was to identify trends in antibiotic resistance, the phenotypic efflux pump production and the molecular detection of the genes mexA, mexB, and oprM among P.aeruginosa. Methods: Thirty P.aeruginosa clinical isolates recovered from wound swabs, urine, burns, and ear swabs of patients at different hospitals in Najaf, Iraq. Isolation identification and drug sensitivity testing for 16 antibiotics were determined by VITEK 2 Compact. Phenotypic assessment of efflux pump activity was performed using Cart Wheel Assay, while efflux pump genes were detected using PCR. Results: All isolates showed multidrug resistance and active efflux activity by Cart Wheel Assay. Additionally, mexA (252 bp), mexB (244 bp), and oprM (205 bp) genes were detected in all isolates by conventional PCR. Conclusion: The significance of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system in the multidrug resistance P. aeruginosa, underscoring the necessity of ongoing monitoring and alternate treatment approaches. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| PCR; Biofilm; efflux pump; multidrug resistance; pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
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