Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Sulfonated Polystyrene Composite Resins for the Removal of Cationic Dyes | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.384154.11778 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Amany A. El Mansoub   1; Heba A. Hani 2; Marwa M. El Sayed 3; Abdelghany M.G. Abulnour 3; Hussein M. Fahmy4; Rasha M. El Nashar 5
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| 1Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Cairo, El-Bohouth Street-Dokki, Egypt | ||||
| 2Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Dept., ., Engineering & Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| 3Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Center, Cairo, El-Bohouth Street-Dokki, Egypt. | ||||
| 4Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University | ||||
| 5chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) is recognized as an effective candidate for ion-exchange applications. This study focused on preparing sulfonated polystyrene composite resins using a microwave-assisted technique. In this process, divinylbenzene (DVB) was used as the cross-linking agent; chlorosulfuric acid served as the sulfonating agent, and nano zeolite (NZ) was used as a catalyst. The preparation involved varying the durations of the sulfonation process. Moreover, the effectiveness of the composite resins in removing cationic dyes, specifically Methylene Blue (MB) and Safranin T (ST), from synthetic solutions was tested. Various techniques were used to characterize the prepared resins, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical conductivity and zeta potential measurements, pore size evaluation, and CHNS elemental analysis. Results indicated that incorporation of NZ led to a more stable surface charge and higher electrical conductivity. High dye removal efficiencies were attained, with maximum observed absorption capacities of 382 mg/g for MB and 408 mg/g for ST onto SPS-NZ. The adsorption processes of MB and ST were found to conform to the Temkin and Florry-Huggins isotherm models, respectively, indicating a chemisorption process for MB and a spontaneous adsorption process for ST. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model effectively described the adsorption kinetics of both dyes, suggesting a predominance of chemisorption mechanisms. These findings suggest that the adopted preparation method is promising and that the resulting composite resins demonstrate distinct characteristics that offer improved performance compared to NZ and commercially available strong-acid cation exchange resins. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Sulfonated Polystyrene; Zeolite; Composites; Methylene Blue; Safranin T; Isotherm; Kinetics | ||||
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