SCREENING OF THE FUNGAL PIGMENTS BIOSAFETY | ||||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.375742.2523 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Ebtsam Mohamed Dyab  1; Elhagag Ahmed hassan1; Haitham Mohamed El-Bery2; Eman Mostafa Mohamed1
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| 1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University | ||||
| 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This investigation screened the biosafety of fungal pigments extracted from seven strains and forty-three isolates by using simple practical methods, including the Artemia test, cultivation on mycotoxin-selective media, TLC, and GC/MS analysis. The results obtained from the Artemia test indicated that 23 isolates (0%) were completely safe. 5 isolates had very low toxicity (1-20%). 4 isolates had low toxicity (21-40%). 5 isolates had moderate toxicity (41-60%). One isolate had high toxicity (61-80%). 12 isolates had a very high toxic effect (100%). The mycotoxin-selective media recorded negative results for all tested fungi and cleared that none produced aflatoxin, ochratoxin, or citrinin. The TLC analysis indicates that each fungal pigmented extract is composed of many bands; each band consists of a group of pigments and contains many derivatives. The GC/MS analysis recorded that the Talaromyces purpureogenus produced 15 metabolites including carotenoids (0.23%), naphthoquinone (0.15%), flavonoids (0.1%), anthraquinone (0.03%), and phenolic compounds (0.02%). Monascus ruber 5705 produced 10 metabolites, including carotenoids (0.23) and flavonoids (0.08). Monascus purpureus produced 13 metabolites, including carotenoids (0.37), flavonoids (0.17), and phenolic compounds (0.04%). The GC/MS result clears that the two tested M. ruber 5705 and M. purpureus are non-citrinin producers, and it is crucial to prioritize the assessment of biosafety to ensure the safe utilization of these pigments in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. This may involve exploring a potent native fungal pigment-producing isolate that could enhance biotechnological and industrial technologies. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Biosafety fungal pigments; Toxigenic fungi; TLC; GC/MS | ||||
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