Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Following Diabetic Ketoacidosis | ||||
| The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine | ||||
| Article 94, Volume 100, Issue 1, July 2025, Page 3199-3203 PDF (496.31 K) | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2025.443083 | ||||
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| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Cognitive impairment has been linked to microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) associated with memory and attention deficits, as well as brain structural changes. However, it remains unclear if a single or multiple DKA episodes lead to measurable cognitive declines shortly following the episode in kids with new-onset T1DM. Aim: To evaluate the association between DKA episodes and cognitive deficits in kids with T1DM. Patients and Methods: This case-control research has been carried out on sixty-four kids aged 12–15 years with T1DM at Suez Canal University Hospital. Group 1 (n=32) had no history of DKA, while Group 2 (n=32) had experienced at least one DKA episode more than one month prior to the study. This study was conducted over six months, from November 2023 to April 2024. Children with other chronic or endocrine diseases were excluded. Cognitive performance has been evaluated utilizing the Arabic versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the basic modification of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Basic). Evaluated domains included executive function/psychomotor speed, language, attention, and episodic memory. Results: Children with a history of DKA showed significantly lower WISC scores (p = 0.03), indicating impaired cognitive performance. However, insignificant variances have been observed in cognitive function based on the number of DKA episodes or HbA1c levels. Conclusion: A history of DKA in children with T1DM may negatively impact cognitive function, regardless of episode frequency or glycemic control. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| T1DM; DKA; cognitive functions | ||||
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