Synthesis, antibacterial activity and molecular docking study of new chalcones derived from 5-formyl-1,4-dihydropyridine | ||
| Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal | ||
| Volume 24, Issue 4, October 2025, Pages 37-48 PDF (1.1 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/epj.2025.354620.1020 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ali G Swadi* 1; Ali K Mohammed2; Tahseen A Alsalim3; Aymen G Faisal4 | ||
| 1- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| 4Department of Applied Marine Sciences, College of Marine Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background Chalcones are extremely desirable compounds due to their simple structure, ease of production, and potential biological functions, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, etc. Objective To synthesis, examine, and select new chalcones derived from 5-formyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, and evaluate the ability as antimicrobials using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and molecular docking. Materials and methods Chalcone derivatives of 1,4-Dihydropyridine (1,4-DHPs) were synthesized by a condensation process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry were employed to analyze all produced compounds, including ethyl 6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate and its acetophenone derivatives. The efficacy of the produced compounds as antibacterial agents was established through assessment. Results and conclusion The multidrug-resistant microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, chemicals Ch1 and Ch2 demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy. Compound Ch1 demonstrated a notable 31 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus at a concentration of 70 µg, and a substantial 30 mm inhibition zone against E. coli at the identical concentration. The results exceeded the reference drugs Cephalexin 30 µg/ml and Ciprofloxacin 5 µg/ml. The compounds Ch1, Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4 at concentration of (30, 50 and 70) µg exhibited statistically significant (P > 0.05). In silico studies were used to analyze the chalcone derivatives under study. Their potential as antibacterial agents were assessed by analyzing their interactions with the receptor proteins for Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 1N67) and Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 6G9S). These substances were found to bind to the receptor effectively. The compounds with the highest activity, according to molecular docking studies, had the highest binding scores with the Staphylococcus aureus protein. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| 1,4-dihydropyridine; Chalcone; Vilsmeier – Haack reaction; antibacterial activity | ||
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