Relationship between Oxalobacter formigenes and Calcium Oxalate Stones | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology | ||||
| Article 61, Volume 35, Issue 1, January 2026 | ||||
| Document Type: Review articles | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.404453.1781 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Ayah M. Fathy  1; Bedeir A. El-Baz2; Amira H. El-Ashry1; Manar E. Elkady2; Mohammed F. Elkenawy1; Nariman M. El-Nashar1
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| 1Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||||
| 2Urology and Nephrology center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Oxalobacter formigenes (O. formigenes) is a Gram-negative, non-pathogenic, anaerobic bacterium. O. formigenes belongs to the group of bacteria called the gut microbiota, which lives in the intestine. At the core of a network of bacteria that break down oxalate in the colon, O. formigenes may be crucial in lowering urine oxalate levels and so lowering the risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones. The enzyme machinery needed to break down oxalate is absent from mammalian hosts. The unique metabolic system of O. formigenes is composed of the membrane layer oxalate/formate carrier and 2 enzymes: formyl-CoA transferase and oxyl-CoA decarboxylase. Additionally, O. formigenes accelerates the clearance of endogenously generated oxalate from the blood and encourages the release of oxalate from plasma into the gut. CaOx stones make up to 80% of calculi. Kidney stone development is a complicated and multifaceted process that involves the interplay of several factors, including metabolism, genetics, environment, and lifestyle habits. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| O. formigenes; CaOx urolithiasis; oxalyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase; formyl-coenzyme A transferase | ||||
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