Study of C-Peptide Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Kidney Disease | ||
| The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine | ||
| Article 101, Volume 100, Issue 1, July 2025, Pages 3248-3255 PDF (677.71 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2025.443950 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: The number of affected adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) is now estimated to be around 589 million and expected to increase significantly by 2050. C-peptide has been linked to the development of diabetic microvascular complications. Objective: This study aimed to investigate C-peptide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who haveDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) and DiabeticKidney Disease (DKD). Methods: This case-control study involved 186 participants and was conducted at the Internal Medicine department (Endocrinology unit) with collaboration of the Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Hospital. The participants were categorized into three groups: 40 apparently healthy individuals matched for age and gender, 44 T2DM patients without complications, and 92 T2DM patients with complications who subdivided into 20 patients with DR and 72 patients with DKD. Results: C-peptide levels were statistically significant; being higher in the control group (6.07±1.20) compared to T2DM patients without complications (3.57±1.20), patients with DKD (2.44±0.88) and patients with DR (2.43±0.80) (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that C-peptide levels had a strong predictive ability for DKD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801 (p=0.001; 95% confidence interval: 0.708–0.886). A cutoff value of <2.25 yielded a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 68.15%. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses identified the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), C-peptide level, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG), cholesterol, and HDL as significant and independent factors associated with DR. Conclusion: C-peptide showed lower levels in patients with T2DM complicated with DR or DKD compared to T2DM patients without complications. This suggests that a decline in endogenous C-peptide production may contribute to the development and progression of these complications. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| T2DM; Diabetic retinopathy; Diabetic kidney disease; C- peptide | ||
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