Synthesis and Characterization of Azo-Quinoline Ligand–Palladium Complexes with Enhanced Sperm Staining Properties | ||||
| Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2025.389122.1211 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
ahmed bseem  1; Hasan Shamran Mohammed1; Faiq F. Karam2
| ||||
| 11Chemistry department, Science college, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq | ||||
| 2Chemistry department, Science college, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Compounds derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline, represent a notable class of chemical agents with proven effectiveness in sperm staining techniques. These compounds offer high specificity and strong contrast, making them valuable tools in reproductive biology and forensic science. The present study focused on the synthesis and evaluation of a novel azo-based ligand, ethyl (E)-4-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)diazenyl)benzoate (EHQDB). The ligand was obtained via a diazo coupling reaction involving a diazonium salt and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Subsequently, a palladium(II) complex was prepared by reacting PdCl₂ with the synthesized EHQDB ligand. The structural and chemical features of the prepared compounds were investigated using several analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Data obtained from the characterization revealed that the palladium complex adopts a square-planar geometry. Additionally, XRD analysis confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized materials. The synthesized azo ligand and its palladium complex demonstrated significant efficiency in staining sperm cells, providing clear visualization of structural features under optical observation. The method developed showed high selectivity and analytical precision, highlighting its potential application in both biological and forensic contexts. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Azo dye; sperm staining; Ethyl 4-Aminobenzoate | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 57 |
||||
