Synthesis and Evaluation of Sulfonamide-Containing Chalcones for Antibacterial Activity | ||||
| Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 July 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/bfsa.2025.384236.2553 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Sarah A. Al_khafaji 1; Zainab Yahya Kadhim 2; Moslim Mohsin Khalaf  3; Athraa Abdulameer Abdulrab 4
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| 1Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq | ||||
| 2Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq | ||||
| 3Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Shatrah, Iraq | ||||
| 4Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat technical University, Diwanya, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Chalcones are a class of organic compounds characterized by a distinctive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system, which plays a central role in their wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Aims of the Study: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the antibacterial potential of two sulfonamide-containing chalcone derivatives, labeled as compounds 1a and 1b, against two common pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). Methodology: The compounds were synthesized using base-catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt condensation, with sodium hydroxide in ethanol. Melting points were determined using open capillary tubes. Elemental analysis (C.H.N) was performed using an EM-017 analyzer. FT-IR spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu IR-Prestige-21 spectrophotometer (4000–400 cm⁻¹), and 13C-NMR was used for further structural elucidation. Reaction progress was monitored via Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using a silica gel plate and a hexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) solvent system. Results: Compound 1a (C₂₆H₂₄N₂O₆S₂) exhibited FT-IR absorption peaks at 1619 cm⁻¹ (C=C), 1653 cm⁻¹ (C=O), and 3358 cm⁻¹ (NH stretch), and 13C-NMR signals at 45.94 and 152.10 ppm. Compound 1b displayed similar spectral features. Both compounds showed notable antibacterial activity. Compound 1a produced inhibition zones of 25.34 mm against S. aureus and 24.00 mm against E. coli at 500 µg/ml, with comparable results for 1b. Gentamicin was used as a reference drug. Conclusions: The synthesized chalcone derivatives 1a and 1b demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for antimicrobial drug development. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Chalcone derivatives; antibacterial activity; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; inhibition zone | ||||
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