Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria
Zakari, D., Abraham-Oyiguh, J., Okolo, M., Lamidi, Y., Idris, E., Taiwo, O., Adejoh, K., Afam, N., Ezugwu, I., Ikwulono, O., Abdubala, O., Bello, S., Adejo, O., Ibrahim, A., Godwin, A., Boniface, M., Okpanachi, M., Mabeh, I., Opisa, A. (2025). Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. EKB Journal Management System, (), -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868
David Adeiza Zakari; Joseph Abraham-Oyiguh; Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo; Yusuf Lamidi; Egbeja Tsobaza Idris; Onwuatuegwu Joseph Chukwuma Taiwo; Kadiri Dickson Adejoh; Nwobodo Humphrey Afam; Ifeanyi Anthony Ezugwu; ONUH Kenneth Ikwulono; Okpanachi Martins Abdubala; Shittu Tajudeen Bello; Omebije Patience Adejo; Adamu Hassana Ibrahim; Audu Amoka Godwin; MOMOH Theophilus Boniface; Maji Ojodumine Okpanachi; Inah Blessing Mabeh; Audu Nasir Opisa. "Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria". EKB Journal Management System, , , 2025, -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868
Zakari, D., Abraham-Oyiguh, J., Okolo, M., Lamidi, Y., Idris, E., Taiwo, O., Adejoh, K., Afam, N., Ezugwu, I., Ikwulono, O., Abdubala, O., Bello, S., Adejo, O., Ibrahim, A., Godwin, A., Boniface, M., Okpanachi, M., Mabeh, I., Opisa, A. (2025). 'Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria', EKB Journal Management System, (), pp. -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868
Zakari, D., Abraham-Oyiguh, J., Okolo, M., Lamidi, Y., Idris, E., Taiwo, O., Adejoh, K., Afam, N., Ezugwu, I., Ikwulono, O., Abdubala, O., Bello, S., Adejo, O., Ibrahim, A., Godwin, A., Boniface, M., Okpanachi, M., Mabeh, I., Opisa, A. Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; (): -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868

Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria

Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 August 2025
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868
Authors
David Adeiza Zakari* 1; Joseph Abraham-Oyiguh1; Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1; Yusuf Lamidi2; Egbeja Tsobaza Idris3; Onwuatuegwu Joseph Chukwuma Taiwo4; Kadiri Dickson Adejoh5; Nwobodo Humphrey Afam6; Ifeanyi Anthony Ezugwu7; ONUH Kenneth Ikwulono8; Okpanachi Martins Abdubala3; Shittu Tajudeen Bello9; Omebije Patience Adejo1; Adamu Hassana Ibrahim1; Audu Amoka Godwin10; MOMOH Theophilus Boniface11; Maji Ojodumine Okpanachi11; Inah Blessing Mabeh1; Audu Nasir Opisa12
1Department of Microbiology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, kogi State University Kabba, Nigeria
3Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
4Department of Microbiology, Tansian university, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria
5Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation, Abuja, Nigeria
6Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
7College of Medicine, Enugu state university teaching hospital, ESUTH, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
8Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
9Department of Basic Medical Science, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State
10Department of Biochemistry, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
11Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
12Federal University Lokoja, P.M.B 1154, Lokoja-Okene expressway, Felele, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with increasing antimicrobial resistance posing significant therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens and identify emerging trends in a Nigerian tertiary care setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2,847 urine cultures from patients with UTIs between January 2022 and December 2024 at Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital Anyigba, Kogi State. Bacterial identification was performed using conventional biochemical methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results were statistically analysed using SPSS version 28.0, with significance set at p<0.05. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square and linear regression tests. Data were analyzed for resistance patterns, seasonal variations, and demographic associations. Results: Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (47.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.1%). Overall resistance rates were highest for ampicillin (78.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.2%), and ciprofloxacin (64.8%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 68.7% of isolates. Female patients aged 20-40 years showed the highest infection rates (34.2%), while elderly patients (>65 years) demonstrated significantly higher resistance rates (p<0.001). Seasonal analysis revealed peak resistance during the dry season months (November-March). Conclusions: The study reveals alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens, with multidrug resistance becoming increasingly prevalent. These findings emphasize the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship programs and revised empirical treatment guidelines for UTI management in Nigeria.
Keywords
Urinary tract infection; antimicrobial resistance; uropathogens; surveillance; Nigeria
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