Emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: A three-year surveillance study from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria | ||||
Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 August 2025 | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.392370.2868 | ||||
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Authors | ||||
David Adeiza Zakari ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||
1Department of Microbiology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria | ||||
2Department of Microbiology, kogi State University Kabba, Nigeria | ||||
3Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria | ||||
4Department of Microbiology, Tansian university, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria | ||||
5Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation, Abuja, Nigeria | ||||
6Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria | ||||
7College of Medicine, Enugu state university teaching hospital, ESUTH, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria | ||||
8Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria | ||||
9Department of Basic Medical Science, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State | ||||
10Department of Biochemistry, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria | ||||
11Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Prince Abubakar Audu University, PMB1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria | ||||
12Federal University Lokoja, P.M.B 1154, Lokoja-Okene expressway, Felele, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria | ||||
Abstract | ||||
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with increasing antimicrobial resistance posing significant therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens and identify emerging trends in a Nigerian tertiary care setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2,847 urine cultures from patients with UTIs between January 2022 and December 2024 at Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital Anyigba, Kogi State. Bacterial identification was performed using conventional biochemical methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results were statistically analysed using SPSS version 28.0, with significance set at p<0.05. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square and linear regression tests. Data were analyzed for resistance patterns, seasonal variations, and demographic associations. Results: Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (47.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.1%). Overall resistance rates were highest for ampicillin (78.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.2%), and ciprofloxacin (64.8%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 68.7% of isolates. Female patients aged 20-40 years showed the highest infection rates (34.2%), while elderly patients (>65 years) demonstrated significantly higher resistance rates (p<0.001). Seasonal analysis revealed peak resistance during the dry season months (November-March). Conclusions: The study reveals alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens, with multidrug resistance becoming increasingly prevalent. These findings emphasize the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship programs and revised empirical treatment guidelines for UTI management in Nigeria. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
Urinary tract infection; antimicrobial resistance; uropathogens; surveillance; Nigeria | ||||
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