The Impact of Agricultural Education Outputs on The Labor Market in Egypt " أثر مخرجات التعليم الزراعي على سوق العمل في مصر" | ||
| Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 August 2025 PDF (4.09 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/alexja.2025.403946.1154 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Doaa Ibrahim Abdelhamid Hashem; Elham Shaaban Abd Elsalam Pargal* ; Mona Said Abd Elnaby Mohamed | ||
| Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Agricultural education is the main tool to achieve food security and rural development. However, this kind of education still suffers from a lack of efficiency and effectiveness because of its disconnection from the requirements of the modern agricultural labor market. Statistics indicate that agricultural unemployment rates rose from 63.75% during the average period (2015-2020) to 69.27% during the average period of (2021-2023). At the same time, the agricultural labor force increased from 15.80 million individuals to 16.16 million individuals. The number of secondary school graduates increased from 50.31 thousand students to approximately 78.41 thousand, and the number of agricultural university graduates increased from 11.26 thousand to 16.39 thousand students during the same two periods, respectively. So, this requires restructuring agricultural education to keep up with technological developments and labor market requirements, which will contribute to reducing unemployment rates and achieving sustainable development in the agricultural sector. The research aims to measure the relationship between the inputs and outputs of agricultural education institutions in Egypt and its relationship with the labor market through the system of quality and development and achieving social justice through studying the following: 1- The most important indicators of agricultural education in Egypt, 2- The most important indicators of the Egyptian agricultural labor market, 3- The most important economic variables affecting the labor market in the agricultural sector in Egypt, 4- Statistical estimation of the factors affecting the labor market in Egypt. It was shown from the results that: (1) increasing the agricultural labor force, the unemployed agricultural labor, and the agricultural unemployment rate, while both of agricultural labor , the agricultural labor rate were decreased.(2) The results of the simple regression showed that there is positive relationship between the agricultural GDP and each of the government spending on agricultural secondary education, government spending on agricultural university education, agricultural secondary education graduates, agricultural university education graduates, agricultural investments, and agricultural labor income. (3) On the contrary, there was an inverse relationship between GDP and agricultural labor because of the decreasing productivity of untrained agricultural labor and the agricultural sector's shift towards mechanization and reducing reliance on manual labor so unemployment rates was raised in decreasing agricultural labor rates.(4) The most important economic variables affecting the agricultural GDP are both government expenditure on agricultural university education and agricultural investments. As 10% increase in both government spending on agricultural education, agricultural investments, as increasing the agricultural GDP amount 2.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. (5) It was shown that the inverse relationship between the agricultural GDP and human labor is a result of the expansion of agricultural mechanization and modern technologies, where 10% increase in the GDP in the previous year leads to a 6.2% decrease in the number of agricultural laborers in the current year. (6) There is an indirect impact of spending on agricultural university education, agricultural investments on the labor market in the agricultural sector (Agricultural labor) through their impact on the agricultural GDP, So agricultural labor market can be restructured by focusing on spending on agricultural university education, agricultural investments and raising the efficiency of the production process, developing skills and using modern technology in balance with employing more workers, this allows for a positive relationship between agricultural activity and labor employment in the following years; which improves the quality of the Egyptian agricultural labor market. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Agricultural Education Expenditure; Unemployment; Agricultural Labor Market; Agricultural Investments; Simultaneous Equations | ||
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