Correlation of Macular Vessel Density with Hemoglobin A1C in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

El Gazzar, Hamdy A.; El Fayoumi, Maha A.; Youssef, Gehad H.; Abd Elhamed, Zainab A.

doi:10.21608/bmfj.2025.393377.2464

	Correlation of Macular Vessel Density with Hemoglobin A1C in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Benha Medical Journal
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 August 2025 PDF (1.41 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/bmfj.2025.393377.2464
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Authors
Hamdy A. El Gazzar¹; Maha A. El Fayoumi¹; Gehad H. Youssef²; Zainab A. Abd Elhamed ³
¹Professor of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
²Lecturer of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
³M.B.B.Ch, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C) and variations in macular vessel density (VD) in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This Prospective cross-sectional observational study included 30 eyes of 18 Egyptian patients with NPDR selected from Ophthalmology Department at Benha university. All studied cases were subjected to full ophthalmological examination, OCTA scans were captured using xx, and HBA1C was recorded for each patient. Results: Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and DM duration revealed that HBA1C was a significant predictor of superficial VD in the parafoveal, temp parafoveal, and sup parafoveal regions. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were done for HBA1C to predict deep VD. The regression analyses were limited to the significant correlations mentioned earlier. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and DM duration revealed that HBA1C was a significant predictor of deep VD in the temp parafoveal and temp perifoveal regions. Conclusion: HBA1C levels are significantly correlated with changes in macular VD and retinal thickness in patients with NPDR, as assessed by OCTA. Strong negative correlations between HbA1C levels and both superficial and deep VD in the parafoveal and perifoveal regions, highlighting HbA1C as a robust predictor of vascular alterations in these areas.
Keywords
Macular Vessel Density; Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography; Hemoglobin A1C; Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy


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