The Possible Protective Effect of Febuxostat on Venlafaxine Induced Structural Changes on the Parotid Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study | ||||
| Ain Shams Medical Journal | ||||
| Volume 76, Issue 2, June 2025, Page 408-419 PDF (1.7 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2025.360624.1392 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Samah Kandeel  1; Remon S. Estfanous2
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| 1Dr. samah kandeel, Professor at Histology and Cell Biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta university. | ||||
| 2Anatomy and Embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Parotid gland is affected by structural and functional changes caused by diseases, medications, and oxidative stress. Venlafaxine, a common antidepressant, has been related to adverse effects, including structural changes in the parotid gland. Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of febuxostat against venlafaxine-induced structural changes in the parotid gland of adult male albino rats using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Methods: Twenty-five adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, venlafaxine, carboxymethylcellulose+ven lafaxine, and febuxostat+venlafaxine. Treatments were administered orally for 30 days. The histological examination included staining with H&E, and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemical markers (Ki67, α-SMA, HSP60) were assessed alongside morphometric analysis. Results: Venlafaxine and carboxymethylcellulose+venlafaxine produced structural damage, including disorganized, widely separated acini with congested apparently dilated blood vessels. Serous acini revealed vacuolation of their lining cells with pyknotic nuclei besides separated cells. Also, some acini showed accumulated acidophilic material at their lumen while others were degenerated. The intercalated, striated and excretory ducts were apparently dilated with irregular lumen and pyknotic nuclei. Also inflammatory cellular infiltrations in-between the acini and congestion of blood vessels by H&E. besides, significant increase in amount and mean area percentage of collagen fibers. Also, significantly increased mean number of Ki67 positive cells, mean colour intensity of α-SMA, and HSP60. Febuxostat group showed nearly normal histological and immunohistochemical profiles. Conclusion: Febuxostat effectively protected against venlafaxine-induced parotid gland damage. So, it is a promising therapy choice for salivary gland dysfunction. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Febuxostat; histology; immunohistochemistry; parotid gland; venlafaxine | ||||
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