Cyber Threats and Legal Gaps: A Study on Egypt and UAE Laws" | ||
| المجلة القانونية | ||
| Volume 25, Issue 2, August 2025, Pages 1637-1676 PDF (693.62 K) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jlaw.2025.410577.1301 | ||
| Author | ||
| Doaa Mohsen Othman Doaa Mohsen Othman* | ||
| PhD in Criminal Law Certified Lecturer at the Judicial Academy - Abu Dhabi | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study examines the effectiveness of cybercrime legislation in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), two countries facing rising digital threats in a rapidly evolving technological environment. It highlights the growing scale and complexity of cyber threats—including hacking, online fraud, and data breaches—and assesses how each country’s legal system responds. the research identifies strengths, overlaps, and critical legal gaps. While both countries have taken significant steps to criminalize various forms of cybercrime, challenges remain in enforcement, international cooperation, and protection of digital rights. The research concludes with targeted recommendations for closing legal loopholes, improving cross-border frameworks, and enhancing institutional capacity to manage cyber risks effectively. The research also draws on selected international cybercrime cases to highlight the need for harmonized laws and transnational cooperation. this research seeks to provide insights into how Egypt and the UAE can strengthen their cybercrime legislation and enhance cybersecurity resilience. Cybercrime refers to criminal activities that are carried out using computers or the internet, including offenses such as hacking, identity theft, online fraud, data breaches, and cyberterrorism. With the increasing digitization of personal, financial, and government systems, cybercrime has become a global threat affecting individuals, corporations, and states alike. In the Middle East, both Egypt and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have experienced rapid digital growth, making them vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats. In response, Egypt introduced Law No. 175 of 2018 on combating information technology crimes, while the UAE enacted Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 to address cybercrime and misinformation. Despite these developments, the pace and complexity of cyber threats continue to outstrip the existing legal responses. This research addresses the core problem of whether the current cybercrime laws in Egypt and the UAE adequately respond to modern cyber threats. It investigates if there is a mismatch between legislative intent and practical enforcement, and whether the laws are flexible enough to adapt to rapidly changing digital risks. The main objectives of this study are: To examine the current legal frameworks in Egypt and the UAE related to cybercrime To identify gaps and limitations in existing laws To evaluate enforcement mechanisms and institutional capacities To provide recommendations for legal and policy reform | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Cybercrime; Egypt; United Arab Emirates; Cybersecurity Law; Digital Threats; Legal Frameworks; Enforcement Challenges; Data Protection; Comparative Legal Analysis | ||
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