كوكبة الحوت بين آتارجاتيس وأفروديتي "رمزية التحول والتفاعل الديني والأسطوري بين سوريا واليونان"

أولًا- المصادر:

-PHI = Packard Humanities Institute Latin Texts, Packard Humanities Institute, California, 1991.

-TLG = Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, University of California Irvine, 2000.

 

-Diodorus Siculus, (Diod. Sic., Bibl.Hist.) Bibliotheca Historica:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc1:2.4, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Herodotus, (Hdt., Hist.) Historiae:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.131, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Hyginus, (Hyg., Astr.) Astronomica:

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/899/1/0#39, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/899/1/0#38, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/899/1/0#32, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/899/1/0#50, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Hyginus, (Hyg., Fab.) Fables (Fabulae):

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/1263/1/0#90, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/1263/1/0#96, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Lucianus, (Luc. Syr.) De Syria dea:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-grc1:9,10,11,12,13,14, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Ovidius, (Ov., Met.)  Metamorphoses:

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/959/6/0#77, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Ovidius, (Ov., Fast.) Fasti:

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/959/7/0#1, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Plinius, (Plin. , H.N.) Historiae Naturalis:

https://latin.packhum.org/loc/978/1/0#350, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

-Strabo, (Strab., Geog) Geographica:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:16.1.27, Retrieved 20-8-2025.

ثانيًا- المراجع العربية:

al-Mutawallī, Aḥmad Ḥamdī, "dalālāt al-Burūj fī masraḥ snykā", Majallat Awrāq klāsykyh, al-ʻadad al-tāsiʻ ʻashar, Jāmiʻat al-Qāhirah, (2022): 336-378.

al-Hawwārī, Majdī, "al-ʻAnāṣir al-Sharqīyah fī ʻUbādah afrwdyty: dirāsah min khilāl al-maṣādir al-Yūnānīyah wāllātynyh", Risālat duktūrāh ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-Ādāb, Jāmiʻat ʻAyn Shams, al-Qāhirah, 2005.

al-Hawwārī, Majdī, "ʻUbādah atārjātys fī Rūmā", Risālat mājistīr ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-Ādāb, Jāmiʻat ʻAyn Shams, al-Qāhirah, 1998.

Shaʻrāwī, ʻAbd al-Muʻṭī, Asāṭīr ighryqyh, al-juzʼ al-thālith, Maktabat alʼnjlw al-Miṣrīyah, al-Qāhirah, 2005.

ghyth, ʻAbd al-Salām, "ʻilm al-falak wālntnjym", Jāmiʻat al-Zarqāʼ, al-ʻadad al-thālith, Yūniyū, (2000): 132-141.

ثالثًا- المعاجم والموسوعات:

Cancik, Hubert. Schneider, Helmuth. & Salazar, Christine F. Brill’s New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World, Vol. 2, Leiden & Boston: Brill, Ark–Cas, 2003.

Hitchcock, Roswell Dwight, Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary, Digital: Public Domain Text, e-Sword Module, 2004.

Hornblower, Simon and Spawforth, Antony. The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Third Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Kerr, Alexander and Wright, Edward. A Dictionary of World History, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Lindsay James . Encyclopedia of Religion,  2nd ed., Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005.

Ridpath, Ian. A Dictionary of Astronomy, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012.

 

رابعًا- المراجع والدوريات الأجنبية:

Alvar, Juan. Romanising Oriental Gods, Myth, Salvation and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis and Mithras, Leiden:  Brill, 2008.

Beard, Mary. North, John. Price, Simon. Religions of Rome, Vol 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Bilde, Poul. Atargatis/Dea Syria: Hellenization of Her Cult in the Hellenistic Roman Period, Religion and Religious Practice in the Seleucid Kingdom, Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1990.

Bonnefoy, Yves. Mythologies , Vol. 1, Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1991 .

Burkert, Walter. Greek Religion, Archaic and Classical, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

Christides, Vassilios. “Religious Syncretism in the Near East: Allāt-Athena in Palmyra”, In CCO 1, Greece: IGOAS, 2003.

Cowper, Benjamin Harris. “Derceto, the Goddess of Ascalon”, JSLBR, vol. 7, no. 8, )1865(:1–20.

Dirven, Lucinda. The Goddess of Hierapolis, Nabonidus and the Northern Levant, ed. P. Bienkowski et al., Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2002.

- Dowden, Ken. The Uses of Greek Mythology, London: Routledge, 1992.

-Downey, Susan B. “Greek and Syrian Religious Syncretism in Hellenistic Times,", JANER 20, (2020):150-172.

Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Wolter. Atargatis, Leiden & Grand Rapids: Brill / Eerdmans, 1999.

Fraser, James George.The Golden Bough, A Study in Magic and Religion, London: Abridged Edition, Macmillan and Co, 1922.

Gisela Marie Augusta. Catalogue of Engraved Gems of the Classical Style: Greek, Etruscan and Roman, Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1956.

Hansen, William. Handbook of Classical Mythology, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2004.

Herman, Moors. “Atargatis and her Hellenized sister Aphrodite: With an appendix on Cybele”, Ress Antiquae 17, Kubaba, (2020): 313–350.

Hoover, Oliver D. “The silver mint of Damascus under Demetrius III and Antiochus XII (97/6 BC – 83/2 BC)”, AJN 20, (2008):305–336. 

Houghton, Andrew., Lorber, Catherine. & Hoover, Oliver D. Seleucid Coins, A Comprehensive Catalogue. Part II: Seleucus IV through Antiochus XIII (Vol. II), New York: American Numismatic Society, 2008.

Janson, Hans W., and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art, 7th ed, New York: Prentice Hall, 2006.

Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art through the Ages, The Western Perspective, Volume I. 15th ed., Boston: Cengage Learning, 2017.

Kropp, Andreas J. M. “Jupiter, Venus and Mercury of Heliopolis (Baalbek), The Images of the ‘Triad’ and Its Alleged Syncretisms”, Syria 87, (2010):229–264.

Lightfoot, John. Lucian: On the Syrian Goddess, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Lipinski, Edward. The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000.

López‑Ruiz, Carmen. Egyptian Herakles and Syrian Aphrodite? Phoenician Art and Cultural Exchange in the Ancient Mediterranean, London & New York: Routledge, 2023.

Mikalson, Joseph D. Ancient Greek Religion, 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Neumann, Erich. The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.

Ridpath, Ian. Star Tales, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Rochberg, Francesca. Heavenly Writing: Divination, Horoscopy, and Astronomy in Mesopotamian Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Roller, Lotte E. The World of Aphrodite, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

Röllig, Wolfgang. Atargatis and the Syrian Goddess, Syncretism in the Ancient Near East, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2014.

Smith, Morton. "The Goddess Atargatis." , Biblic. Archaeol. 44, no. 1, (1981): 17–22,

Strootman, René. The Introduction of Hellenic Cults in Seleucid Syria: Colonial appropriation and transcultural exchange in the creation of an imperial landscape, Oxford: Archaeopress, 2021.

Teixidor, Josep. The Pagan God: Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Ulansey, David. The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Watson, Percy. Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.

Woolley, Charles Leonard."Atargatis Statue from Ashkelon in the Louvre.", JNES 69, no. 2, (2010): 115–133.

خامسًا- المواقع الإليكترونية:

-https://science.nasa.gov/constellations/pisces

-https://www.theoi.com   

-https://symbolreader.net/tag/atargatis.com   

^-https://www.alamy.com/birth-of-venus-3rd-century-mosaic-hatay-archaeology-museum-antakya-antioch-hatay-province-turkey-image601708604.html

^-https://www.dreamstime.com/sculpture-goddess-atargatis-ancient-syrian-stone-image275776102

-https://www.pinterest.com   

-https://www.realmermaids.net/picture/picture-of-the-goddess-atargatis-as-a-fish-with-human-head-on-ancient-greek-coin/  

-https://www.researchgate.net/figure/e-Atargatis-Panel-Kherbit-et-Tannur-The-Jordan-Museum-in-downtown-Amman-photo-by-Eyad_fig5_337199429,

-https://www.thaliatook.com/AMGG/atargatis.php.com

-https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/arts-and-entertainment/contrapposto-visual-arts.com