Roles of pattern recognition receptors in host viral interaction during hepatitis B virus infection | ||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 August 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.384499.2795 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Auwal Gambo1, 2; Mustapha Umar Imam3; Hassana Manga Kyari1, 4; Bura Paul Thlama5; Teik Chung Eric Lim6; Abdullah Jesse Faez Firdaus7; Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila1; Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan* 8 | ||
| 1Virology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia | ||
| 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria | ||
| 3Center for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria | ||
| 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria | ||
| 5Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Bintulu Sarawak, malaysia | ||
| 6Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia | ||
| 7Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia | ||
| 8Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to its ability to evade host immune defenses. The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense, restricting HBV and initiating adaptive immune responses for viral clearance. Both parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), which detect and respond to HBV. These PRRs mediate antiviral responses that suppress HBV replication and support its elimination. However, HBV has developed mechanisms to subvert these responses, notably by inactivating PRR signaling via viral proteins, enabling persistent infection. Chronic HBV infection arises from the innate immune system’s inability to control the virus in hepatocytes. Understanding PRR-mediated immunity and HBV evasion strategies is critical for developing effective immune-based therapies for both acute and chronic HBV infection. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV); HBV Chronic infection; Innate Immunity; Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and HBV evasion strategy | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 62 |
||
