Evaluation of Macular and Peripapillary Capillary Density in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia | ||||
| Al-Azhar International Medical Journal | ||||
| Volume 2025, Issue 3, March 2025, Page 141-145 PDF (344.64 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/aimj.2025.446477 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Reham Abd Elhameed Ahmed* 1; Nashwa Mohamed Lamie Saleh2; Mona Nabeh Mansour2 | ||||
| 1Ophthalmology Resident of Almabarra, Elmaady hospital (Cairo – Egypt) | ||||
| 2Professor of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University (Cairo – Egypt). | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: According to World Health Organisation, 40% of infants aged 6 to 59 months , 30% of females aged 15 to 49 were anaemic. Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anaemia., the pathophysiology of fundus lesions in anemia is believed to be potentially linked to hypoxia. Aim: To study macular and peri-papillary microvascular changes in cases with iron deficiency anemia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahraa University Hospital (Cairo, Egypt) with thirty IDA cases (group A, sixty eyes) , thirty healthy controls (group B, sixty eyes). OCT-A was used to measure vessel densities (VD) of macula, optic nerve head, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in all subjects. Results: Mean age was 33.93±9.35 in group A, 32.63±4.00 in group B (P=0.073). Women made up 86.7percent of both groups. Tested groups showed statistically significant differences in average GCC (P=0.046), superior GCC (P=0.036), superior RNFL (P<0.001), and inferior RNFL (P<0.001). In comparison to the control group, the IDA group had considerably lower macular vascular density in all macular regions in both SCP and DCP (P<0.003). RPCvd was significantly lower in the area inside the disc (P<0.001) but not in the entire image or the peripapillary area (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the FAZ area. In both SCP (sup hemifield, perifovea) and DCP (perifovea). Conclusion: In IDA cases, both macular and peripapillary vascular density were diminished. OCT-A can be beneficial in detecting retinal ischaemia before clinically apparent retinopathy caused by IDA. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Iron deficiency anaemia; OCT-A, macula; optic disc; vessel density | ||||
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