Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Reichardia tingitana: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line (PC3) | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 August 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.377580.11692 | ||
| Author | ||
| Fathy Gehad Hammady | ||
| Department of Pharmacy, Mazya University College-Thiqar, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) was achieved using an aqueous extract of Reichardia tingitana. The produced ZnO-NPs were analyzed with UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurements. The R. tingitana extract and the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were tested for antioxidant properties using the DPPH assay and assessed for cytotoxic effects on PC3 (human prostate cancer) and WI-38 (normal fibroblast) cell lines. GC-MS analysis of the R. tingitana extract revealed the occurrence of various bioactive compounds, with olean-12-en-3-one (23.99%) as the major constituent. The ZnO-NPs showed spherical, trigonal and tetragonal shapes with sizes below 100 nm. The R. tingitana extract showed higher antioxidant potency compared to the ZnO-NPs. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited stronger anticancer activity against PC3 cells, with an IC50 of 18.57 μg/mL, compared to the plant extract alone, which had an IC50 of 69.84 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the ZnO-NPs showed low toxicity towards normal WI-38 cells. This research emphasizes the promise of green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using R. tingitana for biomedical purposes, especially as an environmentally sustainable method for creating anticancer agents. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Reichardia; ZnO-NPs; GC-MS; Antioxidant; Anticancer; Biosynthesis | ||
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