Chemical Constituents and Formulation of Castor Fruit Extracts and Their Nematicidal Activity on Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||
| Volume 69, Issue 2, February 2026, Pages 211-224 PDF (313.63 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.403899.12040 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hosny Raddy1; Mohamed El-Sawah2; Heba Fahmy* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Pesticides Formulation Research, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In this study, dried fruits of the castor plant (Ricinus communis) were extracted using different solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, and then formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Additionally, the various secondary metabolites and chemical constituents of the extracts were identified through phytochemical screening tests and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, the nematicidal activity of the tested extracts and their ECs was evaluated against the root-knot nematode (M. incognita) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results of the phytochemical screening showed that most of the extracts possessed steroids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. Thirty-one compounds were identified in n-hexane extract, the main constituents were 10E, 12Z-Octadecadienoic acid (12.26%), Ricinoleic acid (25.14 %), Tetracosane (4.05%), Stigmasterol (3.17%), Gamma.-Sitosterol (5.78%) and Lupeol (10.54%), and sixteen compounds for ethanolic extracts were linoleic acid ethyl ester (1.73%), (E)-9-Octadecanonic acid ethyl ester (2.78%), 9- Octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy- ethyl ester, [R-(Z)]- (4.43%), Ricinine (1.25%) and Ricinoleic acid (32.94%). Most of the prepared formulations had stable values during different storage conditions. The bioassay results indicated that the most significant nematicidal toxicity on the second stage juveniles (J2) of the nematode was achieved through the treatment with the EC formulation of the n-hexane extract (LC50= 15.31 mg/L), followed by the EC of the ethanol extract (LC50=26.81 mg/L), and the EC of the ethyl acetate extract (LC50=33.94 mg/L) after 48 hours of exposure. Additionally, in the greenhouse experiment, all treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced nematode infection and improved plant growth parameters of eggplant plants compared to the untreated treatment. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Ricinus communis L. fruits; phytochemical analysis; emulsifiable concentrates (ECs); physicochemical properties; Meloidogyne incognita; nematicidal activity | ||
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