A mini-review: association between lung injury biomarkers and the COVID-19 virus | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 August 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Mini-review article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.357640.2505 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Marzieh Bahari Babadi1; Piruz Shadbash  2, 3
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| 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran | ||||
| 2Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | ||||
| 3Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has significantly changed the lives of over seven million people from all over the world since April 2020. One of the organs most affected by this virus is the lung. This mini-review aims to explore the potential of lung-specific biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of COVID-19 as a respiratory disease. We have summarized and compared the findings from 12 published studies that have examined the levels of biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. These biomarkers include Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), Surfactant protein D (SP-D), Clara cell secretory protein (CC16), and Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), all of which are secreted by specific lung cells and may serve as useful biomarkers for the progression of coronavirus disease. Our search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the reported levels of these biomarkers in different patient groups were analyzed. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 patients can mostly be influenced by the biomarker levels mentioned, which can be measured in a laboratory and can be indicated as a standard prescription for tracking patients' health based on the blood tests conducted during hospitalization and treatment. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| lung tissue; progression; COVID-19 infected; diagnose; severity | ||||
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