Nested-PCR detection of the Toxoplasma gondii 529 bp repeated element and SAG2 gene in Iraqi diabetic type II patients | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 August 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.386871.2809 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Sarah Ali Saeed  1; Israa Kasim Al-Aubaidi2
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| 1College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iraq, Baghdad, 10001 | ||||
| 2College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Iraq, Baghdad, 10001 | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular obligate protozoan parasite that is distributed worldwide and can infect almost all warm-blooded mammals. The infection can be explored via diverse immunological and genetic techniques, with nested PCR technique being to be notably effective because of its high sensitivity and specificity, and cost-effectiveness. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is characterized by resolutely elevated levels of blood glucose due to either a complete loss of insulin production or a lack of its biological activity. Objective: This study aimed to detect the 529 bp RE and SAG2 gene during chronic phase of toxoplasmosis in Iraqi diabetic type II patients via using nested PCR technique. Methods: This study analyzed 109 blood samples of Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients, with 80 blood samples from non-diabetic controls with mean age 49.9 ± 1.29, gathered within a period from March to June 2022. Results: Diabetic patients presented critical increase in blood glucose concentrations (174.55 ± 3.96 mg/dl FBG, 216.89 ± 4.96 mg/dl RBG, and 7.9 ± 0.178 HbA1C) in comparison with controls. In T. gondii diagnosis, the diabetic group showed that 51/109 (46.8%) were sero-positive for T. gondii IgG antibody (34.95 ± 7.5 IU/mL), however 30/80 non-diabetic controls were sero-positive (32.7 ± 8.45 IU/mL) for the same antibody. However, no positivity showed for IgM antibody was detected indicating acute toxoplasmosis in any samples. Furthermore, 20% (5/25) of diabetic patients infected with T. gondii were positive for the 529 bp repeated element, and 28% (7/25) for the SAG2 gene using nested PCR technique. All other groups were tested negative for the same detection. Conclusion: The nested PCR showed limited efficiency in detecting chronic toxoplasmosis detection. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| T2DM; T. gondii; IgG; IgM | ||||
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