Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.
Ammar, N., Desoky, E., Elkasas, A., Marak, H. (2025). Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.. EKB Journal Management System, 4(3), 15-29. doi: 10.21608/djas.2025.450610
Naira Ammar; El-Sayed Desoky; Ali Elkasas; Hamida Marak. "Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.". EKB Journal Management System, 4, 3, 2025, 15-29. doi: 10.21608/djas.2025.450610
Ammar, N., Desoky, E., Elkasas, A., Marak, H. (2025). 'Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.', EKB Journal Management System, 4(3), pp. 15-29. doi: 10.21608/djas.2025.450610
Ammar, N., Desoky, E., Elkasas, A., Marak, H. Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 4(3): 15-29. doi: 10.21608/djas.2025.450610

Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Snap Bean Plant to Foliar Application of Clove Fruit Extract Under Salinity Stress.

Damietta Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 3, August 2025, Page 15-29  XML PDF (1.81 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/djas.2025.450610
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Authors
Naira Ammar email 1; El-Sayed Desoky2; Ali Elkasas1; Hamida Marak3
1Plant Production Department, Faculty of Environment Agriculture Science, Arish University
2Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University
3Botany Department, Faculty of Environment Agriculture Science, Arish University
Abstract
In the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, two pot experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. The goal was to investigate the potential of clove fruit extract (CFE) in reducing the negative impacts of salt stress on snap bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The salinity treatments included three concentrations: a control with no salt, 100 mM NaCl, and 150 mM NaCl. Foliar treatments included a control (distilled water) and CFE spray prepared by dissolving 10 grams of dried clove fruits in 1 liter of distilled water. The experiments followed a split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Salinity levels were allocated to the main plots, while CFE treatments were assigned to the subplots. Snap bean seeds were sown in plastic pots filled with 8 kg of air-dried clay soil on October 15, 2022, and October 17, 2023.Salinity stress significantly elevated oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, EL, O₂⁻, and H₂O₂. Additionally, salinity enhanced the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants including α-TOC, GSH, and GB, along with increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POD, APX, SOD, and GR. Severe anatomical damage was observed under high salinity levels. However, the application of clove fruit extract mitigated these harmful effects by reducing oxidative damage, enhancing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, and preserving anatomical structure. In conclusion, clove fruit extract demonstrated promising effectiveness in alleviating salinity stress in snap bean plants, suggesting its potential use as a natural bio-stimulant to improve crop performance under saline conditions.
Keywords
Snap bean; salinity stress; CFE; bio-stimulant
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