In-Vitro Investigation of the Microstructure, Elemental Analysis and Microhardness of Three Hybrid Resin Materials Used as Single-tooth restorations | ||
| Dental Science Updates | ||
| Volume 6, Issue 2, September 2025, Pages 429-439 PDF (3.08 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/dsu.2025.385544.1303 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Noha Saadoun* 1; Mohamed Sherif Farag2; Rania El-Saady Badawy3 | ||
| 1Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, P.O.Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. | ||
| 3Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction: Technology constantly evolves, leading to the extensive usage of CAD/CAM techniques (subtractive and additive manufacturing) to produce indirect restorations. Nowadays, hybrid resin materials are commonly used to fabricate singletooth permanent restorations. Aim of the study: The current study evaluated and compared three commercially available hybrid resin materials used for additive and subtractive manufacturing of single-tooth permanent restorations. Methodology: 75 bar-shaped specimens (14 x 2 x 2 mm) of 3 different hybrid resin materials were used in this study and classified into 3 main groups. Lava Ultimate group (n=15), Vita Enamic group (n=15), and Flexcera Smile Ultra+ group (n=45). Flexcera Smile Ultra+ group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=15): Flexcera Smile Ultra+ A (0-degree printing angle), Flexcera Smile Ultra+ B (45-degree printing angle), and Flexcera Smile Ultra+ C (90-degree printing angle). Specimens were investigated regarding microstructure, elemental analysis, and surface microhardness. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical data analysis. Results: Scanning electron microscopic images showed typical hybrid resin materials with irregularly shaped fillers and different sizes embedded in the resin matrix. Flexcera Smile Ultra+ specimens showed the highest statistically significant carbon median value (42.65 wt.%). Lava Ultimate specimens showed the highest statistically significant silicon and zirconium median values (27.15 and 16.38 wt.%, respectively). Vita Enamic specimens showed the highest statistically significant aluminum median value (9.15 wt.%) and surface microhardness mean value (205.02). Conclusions: The 3D printed material had higher resin content, lower filler content, and lower surface microhardness than CAD/CAM blocks. Specimens printed with a 45-degree angle showed the best microhardness results. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| CAD/CAM materials; Microhardness; Microstructure; Three-dimensional printing | ||
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