Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review

Almulhim, Mohammed Nasir; Almutairi, Hani Saud; Almashan, Mohammed Abdulrahman; Alchaidib, Soliman Mohammed; Alharbi, Omar Obaid; Almegbel, Maysam Taysir; Alanazi, Amani Ayyadhah; Alrasheedi, Bander Batti; Alzahrani, Ahlam Mohammed; Alhabib, Nasser Ali; Almansour, Mohammed Ahmed; Almaniea, Mohammed Abdulaziz; Alsubaie, Sultan Abdullah; Alhajrasi, Hanadi Naji; Alghamdi, Najlaa Saeed; Aljohani, Wessam Ayed; Al Nosyan, Mohammed Abdullah Ali; Al Juma, ‏Mohammed Saleh  Abdulkareem; Alsharekh, Ahmed Abdullah Sharkh

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921

Almulhim, M., Almutairi, H., Almashan, M., Alchaidib, S., Alharbi, O., Almegbel, M., Alanazi, A., Alrasheedi, B., Alzahrani, A., Alhabib, N., Almansour, M., Almaniea, M., Alsubaie, S., Alhajrasi, H., Alghamdi, N., Aljohani, W., Al Nosyan, M., Al Juma, �., Alsharekh, A. (2025). Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review. EKB Journal Management System, 68(13), 607-617. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921

Mohammed Nasir Almulhim; Hani Saud Almutairi; Mohammed Abdulrahman Almashan; Soliman Mohammed Alchaidib; Omar Obaid Alharbi; Maysam Taysir Almegbel; Amani Ayyadhah Alanazi; Bander Batti Alrasheedi; Ahlam Mohammed Alzahrani; Nasser Ali Alhabib; Mohammed Ahmed Almansour; Mohammed Abdulaziz Almaniea; Sultan Abdullah Alsubaie; Hanadi Naji Alhajrasi; Najlaa Saeed Alghamdi; Wessam Ayed Aljohani; Mohammed Abdullah Ali Al Nosyan; ‏Mohammed Saleh Abdulkareem Al Juma; Ahmed Abdullah Sharkh Alsharekh. "Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review". EKB Journal Management System, 68, 13, 2025, 607-617. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921

Almulhim, M., Almutairi, H., Almashan, M., Alchaidib, S., Alharbi, O., Almegbel, M., Alanazi, A., Alrasheedi, B., Alzahrani, A., Alhabib, N., Almansour, M., Almaniea, M., Alsubaie, S., Alhajrasi, H., Alghamdi, N., Aljohani, W., Al Nosyan, M., Al Juma, �., Alsharekh, A. (2025). 'Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review', EKB Journal Management System, 68(13), pp. 607-617. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921

Almulhim, M., Almutairi, H., Almashan, M., Alchaidib, S., Alharbi, O., Almegbel, M., Alanazi, A., Alrasheedi, B., Alzahrani, A., Alhabib, N., Almansour, M., Almaniea, M., Alsubaie, S., Alhajrasi, H., Alghamdi, N., Aljohani, W., Al Nosyan, M., Al Juma, �., Alsharekh, A. Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 68(13): 607-617. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921

	Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 68, Issue 13, December 2025, Pages 607-617 PDF (292.8 K)
Document Type: Review Articles
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.395260.11921
Authors
Mohammed Nasir Almulhim¹; Hani Saud Almutairi¹; Mohammed Abdulrahman Almashan¹; Soliman Mohammed Alchaidib^* ²; Omar Obaid Alharbi²; Maysam Taysir Almegbel²; Amani Ayyadhah Alanazi²; Bander Batti Alrasheedi²; Ahlam Mohammed Alzahrani²; Nasser Ali Alhabib²; Mohammed Ahmed Almansour²; Mohammed Abdulaziz Almaniea²; Sultan Abdullah Alsubaie²; Hanadi Naji Alhajrasi²; Najlaa Saeed Alghamdi²; Wessam Ayed Aljohani²; Mohammed Abdullah Ali Al Nosyan²; ‏Mohammed Saleh Abdulkareem Al Juma²; Ahmed Abdullah Sharkh Alsharekh²
¹General Administration of medical services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
²National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a primary modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), driven by pathophysiological mechanisms like insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The global rise in obesity has correspondingly increased the prevalence of T2D, making its management a critical public health issue. Aim: This review synthesizes evidence on the connection between obesity and T2D, evaluating the efficacy of structured management strategies—including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery—for prevention, treatment, and remission. Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical trials, consensus guidelines (e.g., from the American Diabetes Association and the Second Diabetes Surgery Summit), and long-term studies was conducted. Data on weight loss, glycemic control (HbA1c), and diabetes remission rates across different interventions were analyzed. Results: Intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) can achieve >5% weight loss and reduce diabetes incidence by over 50%. Pharmacological agents like semaglutide and tirzepatide demonstrate 15-20% weight reduction. Metabolic surgery is the most effective intervention, with HbA1c reductions of ~2% and T2D remission rates of 30-60% over 1-5 years, proving cost-effective in the long term. Conclusion: A multifaceted, guideline-directed approach is essential. ILI is the cornerstone, with pharmacotherapy and surgery providing powerful adjuncts for eligible patients. An interprofessional team is crucial for implementing these tiered strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related diabetes.
Keywords
Obesity; Type 2 Diabetes; Insulin Resistance; Bariatric Surgery; GLP-1 Agonists; Lifestyle Intervention

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