Sunflower Varieties Response to Magnesium Sulfate Fertilization via Various Row Spaces under Current Climate Conditions.. | ||
| The Egyptian Science Magazine | ||
| Article 10, Volume 12, Issue 1, December 2025, Pages 97-117 PDF (1.27 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/esm.2025.452567 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Enga M. Niel* 1; Shimaa M. Abdelaziz* 1; Amira M. Hassen* 1; Mourad Kh. A.* 2 | ||
| 1Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition, Res. Dept., Soil, Water & Environment Research Institute (SWERI), ARC, Egypt | ||
| 2Oil Crops Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Field experiments were conducted during the growing summer seasons of 2023 and 2024 in Etay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station, ARC, El-Behera governorate, Egypt using a split-split plot design to investigate the response of the three sunflower varieties cultivated in two-row Spaces (60 and 70 cm) to four rates of magnesium and sulfur as (MgSO46H2O) as fertilization treatments under the present interrupted climate conditions. For the plant growth, the results showed that Giza 120 variety demonstrated superiority in growth traits like plant height, head diameter, and 100-seed weight, often reaching peak performance with the highest fertilization and wider rows. For the yield, also, Giza 120 variety consistently produced the highest seed yield per plant and overall sunflower seed yield, achieving a peak of 1.82 Mg fed-1 under the narrow rows and highest fertilizer rate (65 kg fed-1). In contrast, the Giza 102 variety showed the most significant increase in stem diameter and achieved the highest oil yield (706.57 kg fed⁻¹) and oil content (40.44%) under the narrowest rows and highest fertilization. The Sakha 53 variety, exhibited the highest harvest index, highlighting its superior efficiency in converting biomass to yield. For quality parameters, Giza 120 produced the average highest oil yield with relative increase 10.76, 11.72% and average protein yield about 11.96, 10 % compared with Shaka 95 and Giza 102, respectively. Nutrient uptake, in both seeds and total biomass consistently enhanced N, P, and K uptake by increasing fertilization, in addition Giza 120 and Sakha 53 generally outperformed Giza 102 in nutrient accumulation, although some varietal and spacing-specific differences were noted. Soil fertility, the results cleared that integrated management of row spacing, cultivar selection, and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) fertilization significantly enhances soil fertility. The results showed that there were significant interactions among row spacing, variety, and fertilizer rate emphasized the importance of integrated crop management for optimizing sunflower productivity and quality. These findings provide critical insights for refining fertilization and agronomy practices to maximize sunflower yield and oil production in semi-arid environments such as Egypt. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Sunflower Varieties; row Space; Magnesium sulfate fertilizer; oil content | ||
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