Correlation Between Vitamin D Deficiency in First Trimester of Pregnancy and Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | ||
| Zagazig University Medical Journal | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 September 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/zumj.2025.414145.4109 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Safaa Abd Elsalam Ibrahim1; Walid Abdalla Mohamed AbdElsalam2; Abeer AbdElmogni Ali Ahmed* 3; Ahmed Metwally El Katawy4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University | ||
| 2Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University | ||
| 3Obstetrics & Gynecology Resident at Belebis General hospital ministry of Health | ||
| 4Lecturer of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains a frequent metabolic complication of pregnancy, and accumulating observations suggest that inadequate maternal vitamin D may contribute to dysglycemia early in gestation. This research aimed to explore whether serum vitamin D concentration in the 1st trimester could predict the subsequent risk of GDM. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 56 first-trimester pregnant women at a single tertiary center and stratified them by a priori GDM risk. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was assayed at 10–12 weeks using electrochemiluminescence methodology, and standard screening for GDM occurred at 24–28 weeks with diagnosis by Carpenter–Coustan criteria. Results: Across all trimesters, 25OHD levels were lower in cases (first: 21.90 ± 5.8 vs 32.5 ± 4.6; second: 18.3 ± 6.1 vs 31.07 ± 3.1; third: 17.1 ± 5.8 vs 30.0 ± 4.2 ng/mL; all p < 0.001) with higher deficiency rates (42.9%, 64.3%, 71.4% vs 0%, 0%, 3.8%; all p < 0.001). Overall 25OHD had negative correlations with postprandial glucose (r = –0.281, p = 0.030), BMI (r = –0.215, p = 0.030), and cesarean delivery (r = –0.264, p = 0.049), while positive correlation with vaginal delivery (r = 0.867, p = 0.009).A first-trimester 25(OH)D cut-off of 22.45 ng/mL identified later GDM with 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity (AUC 0.965; 95% CI 0.926–1.0) Conclusion: Lower vitamin D levels early among pregnant women is strongly associated with later development of GDM. Incorporating vitamin D assessment into early antenatal screening may support preventive strategies, including supplementation in high-risk women | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Maternal Health; Pregnancy Outcomes | ||
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