دور تقنية البلوك تشين في مكافحة غش الأدوية: نحو إطار قانوني جنائي متكامل / The Role of Blockchain Technology in Combating Drug Counterfeiting: Towards a Comprehensive Criminal Legal Framework | ||
| مجلة قطاع الشريعة والقانون | ||
| Volume 18, Issue 18, August 2025, Pages 2105-2199 PDF (1.38 M) | ||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssl.2025.408199.1161 | ||
| Author | ||
| محمد فتحي شحته إبراهيم دياب* | ||
| جامعة حائل - كلية الشريعة والقانون- قسم القانون | ||
| Abstract | ||
| في سياق مكافحة جريمة تزييف الأدوية، يعالج هذا البحث فجوة معرفية وتشريعية مهمة، تتمثل في غياب إطار قانوني جنائي متكامل قادر على استيعاب الفرص والتحديات التي تفرضها تقنية البلوك تشين. تتمحور مشكلة البحث حول قصور المفاهيم التقليدية للإثبات والمسؤولية والولاية القضائية عن التعامل مع الطبيعة اللامركزية والعابرة للحدود لهذه التقنية، مما يخلق حالة من عدم اليقين القانوني التي تهدد فعالية العدالة الجنائية وحماية الصحة العامة. يهدف البحث بشكل أساس إلى اقتراح نموذج لإطار قانوني جنائي شامل، ويجيب عن التساؤل المحوري: كيف يمكن تكييف القانون الجنائي ليوازن بين الاستفادة من قدرات البلوك تشين وضمانات المحاكمة العادلة؟ ولتحقيق ذلك، تم اعتماد منهج بحثي نوعي، يعتمد على التحليل القانوني المقارن للنصوص التشريعية والاتفاقيات الدولية والأدبيات الأكاديمية. كشفت النتائج الرئيسة عن مفارقة جوهرية؛ فبينما توفر البلوك تشين سلامة داخلية فائقة للدليل، فإن حجيتها تقوضها "مشكلة الأوراكل" (صحة البيانات المدخلة). كما أظهرت النتائج أن اللامركزية تفكك مفاهيم الفاعل المادي والسيادة الإقليمية. وبناءً عليه، يوصي البحث بسن تشريعات خاصة تجرم إساءة استخدام التقنية، وتضع قواعد واضحة لمسؤولية الأطراف الوسيطة، وتتبنى معايير حديثة للاختصاص القضائي كـ"معيار الأثر". كما يقترح البحث تكثيف التعاون الدولي وتدريب الكوادر القضائية كاتجاهات بحثية وعملية مستقبلية. In the context of combating the crime of drug counterfeiting, this research addresses a significant doctrinal and legislative lacuna: the absence of a comprehensive criminal legal framework capable of encompassing the opportunities and challenges posed by blockchain technology. The research problem centers on the inadequacy of conventional doctrines of evidence, liability, and jurisdiction to contend with the decentralized and transnational nature of this technology, thereby creating a state of legal uncertainty that threatens the efficacy of criminal justice and the protection of public health. The principal objective of this study is to propose a model for a comprehensive criminal legal framework, answering the central research question: How can criminal law be adapted to balance leveraging the capabilities of blockchain with the fundamental safeguards of a fair trial? To this end, a qualitative research methodology is employed, based on the comparative legal analysis of statutory provisions, international conventions, and scholarly doctrine. The principal findings reveal a fundamental paradox: while blockchain affords superior internal integrity to evidence, its probative value is critically undermined by the 'Oracle Problem'—the validity of input data. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that decentralization deconstructs the legal concepts of actus reus and territorial sovereignty. Accordingly, the research recommends the enactment of sui generis legislation that criminalizes the misuse of the technology, establishes clear rules for intermediary liability, and adopts modern jurisdictional standards such as the 'Effects Doctrine'. The research further proposes the intensification of international cooperation and the specialized training of judicial personnel as crucial avenues for future research and practice. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| تزييف الأدوية باستخدام البلوك تشين، الإطار القانوني للبلوك تشين، كيفية منع تزييف الأدوية، البلوك تشين في سلسلة الإمداد الدوائية./ Blockchain; Legal Framework For Blockchain; How To Prevent Counterfeit Drugs; Blockchain In Pharmaceutical Supply Chain | ||
| References | ||
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