Productivity and Economic Efficiency Assessment of wheat crops: A case study in Desouq center, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt | ||
| Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Volume 51, Issue 3, September 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jsas.2025.406720.1538 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohamed fawzy elsafty1; safaa abdelkader elgendy2; khaled kamel kamel* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural Economics Fac. of Agriculture , Kafr El-Sheikh Uni. | ||
| 2agriculture economic | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Wheat is one of the most strategic crops of economic and social importance in Egypt, serving as the main staple food for the population. This study analyzes the productive and economic indicators of wheat at the national level and in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, with a focus on differences between smallholdings (less than 3 feddans) and large holdings (3 feddans or more). The time-series analysis at the national level showed an overall increasing trend in cultivated area, yield per feddan, and total production. However, only total production showed statistical significance, with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 85.7%), In Kafr El-Sheikh, the three indicators also showed upward trends but with lower explanatory power, as R² values ranged from 4.8% to 20.9%. Regarding cost structure, the average total cost per feddan was approximately EGP 30,412, with human and mechanical labor being the highest cost items, followed by fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides. The average total revenue per feddan was around EGP 45,579, resulting in an estimated net return of EGP 15,167 per feddan, Economic efficiency indicators showed a gross margin of about EGP 31,068. The net return per pound spent was approximately EGP 0.50, and the producer incentive ratio reached 33%. The ratio of total revenue to variable costs was 3.1%, indicating a moderate to good level of efficiency, especially among larger holdings. The study recommends increasing support for small-scale farms due to their relatively lower net returns compared to larger holdings. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Wheat Yield; Economic Efficiency; Productivity; Cultivated Area; Total Production; Costs; Kafr El-Sheikh | ||
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