Seroprevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Its Associated Risk Factors in Small Ruminants of District Chakwal, Pakistan | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences | ||
| Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 21 September 2025 PDF (485.41 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.363741.2669 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Izza ,1; Muhammad Suleman2; sana saeed3; Mahnoor khan jamali4; Syeda Fakhra Waheed5; Abid Hussain5; Angus JD Campbell6; Arfan Ahmad1; Haroon Akbar7; Hamza .8; Abdul Kabir* 9 | ||
| 1Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan | ||
| 2Departement of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan | ||
| 3Department anatomy and histology University of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore | ||
| 4Bhagnari Cattle Cum balochi Sheep Farm, Jaffarabad, Balochistan, Pakistan | ||
| 5Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Azad Jammu & Kashmir University of Bhimber AJK-UOB | ||
| 6Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia | ||
| 7Department of parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan | ||
| 8Livestock and Dairy Development Department (Extension), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | ||
| 9Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects small domestic and wild ruminants posing a threat to global food security and the long-term viability of farmer’s livelihood. The present study was conducted between December 2019 to November 2020 to ascertain differences in seroprevalence and to find age, sex, species, season, herd size, and managemental predisposition to PPR. A total of 300 random sera samples (233 goats and 67 sheep) were collected from the district Chakwal. Competitive ELISA (cELISA) was employed to detect the presence of antibodies (IgG, IgM) as an indicator of exposure to the PPR virus. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 62%. Multivariable analysis revealed that significantly (OR =2.40, 95% CI =1.46-3.93, p = 0.001) more adult animals (69.34%) were seropositive than young ones (48.51%) while the proportion of PPR positive was significantly higher in large (65.93%) and medium (64.55%) herds (OR =2.78, 95% CI =1.371-5.647, p = 0.006) (OR =2.61, 95% CI 1.19-5.75, p = 0.02) than small herds (41.02%). There were no big differences in the number of animals that tested positive for antibodies between goats (64.37%) and sheep (55.22%), females (62.36%) and males (61.9%), across three different times of the year (60.1%, 62.82%, and 65.4%), or between animals mostly fed at home and those that graze outside. The percentage of animals reared in mixed farming was insignificantly high (65%) compared to animals raised separately (60%). The findings of this study indicate that PPR is currently widespread in the district and remains a major cause of disease outbreaks. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| goats; PPR; risk factors; sheep; seroprevalence | ||
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