Prevalence of Periodontal and Oral Mucosal Changes in Prediabetic Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study | ||
| Egyptian Dental Journal | ||
| Volume 71, Issue 4 - Serial Number 3, October 2025, Pages 3071-3081 PDF (707.38 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/edj.2025.403256.3552 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Dina Hussan Younes* 1; Hanaa Mohamed Abd Elsamia2 | ||
| 1Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.. | ||
| 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Faculty of Dental Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ABSTRACT Background: Prediabetes is a metabolically active state defined by elevated glucose levels that remain below diabetic thresholds. While the American Diabetes Association (ADA l2025) classifies prediabetes based on any one of three markers, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). This study focuses on individuals meeting all three simultaneously, representing a higher-risk profile. Although often asymptomatic, this stage may initiate early systemic and microvascular changes. The study assesses the prevalence of Periodontitis, Oral mucosal lesions, and Salivary dysfunction in this population. Methods: A total of 132 prediabetic patients, identified by FBG, OGTT, and HbA1c, were included in this cross-sectional study. Oral examinations assessed Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP), along with mucosal lesion detection and unstimulated salivary flow rate measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16. Results: Among participants, 26.5% had periodontitis, 22.7% had oral lesions, and 30.3% had xerostomia. Oral lesions included Candidiasis, Aphthous Ulcers, Angular Cheilitis, BMS, and lichen planus. Conclusion: This is the first study to assess all three oral parameters in prediabetics. Subtle oral changes such as periodontal inflammation, mucosal alterations, or reduced salivary flow may go unnoticed yet reflect early metabolic imbalance. Incorporating dental assessments into prediabetes care could aid early detection and help prevent complications, emphasizing the importance of oral health screening in metabolic management. Keywords Prediabetes, Periodontitis, Oral lesions, Salivary flow, Cross-sectional study | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Glycemic Level; Oral Findings; Salivary flow | ||
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